Explore the vast range of titles available.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), a Gram-negative coccobacillus commonly associated with endocarditis, poses a rare diagnostic challenge in pediatric cases. The presentation of two pediatric cases—myositis and chest mass—highlights novel aspects, including unusual symptom presentations in children which can be mistaken for malignancy. The limited sensitivity of standard blood tests complicates diagnosis, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Representative samples must be taken, especially if blood cultures are negative. Despite advances in detection methods, diagnosing Aa infection remains difficult due to its rarity in children and variable clinical presentation. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of Aa infection in children is essential for early and effective diagnostic and therapeutic management.

To explore the diagnostic performance of MRI for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis, using a comprehensive imaging approach. Twenty patients with myocarditis and 7 age-matched and gender-matched control subjects underwent comprehensive MRI. Magnetic resonance (MR) examinations included axial T2-weighted sequences, precontrast and postcontrast ECG-gated T1-weighted sequences in axial and short heart axis, cine-MRI, and serial dynamic turbo fast low-angle shot (turboFLASH) acquisitions in the short axis following Gd injection for a period of 2 min. Precontrast and postcontrast images were postprocessed using subtraction. Two observers read all images qualitatively and quantitatively. Myocardial enhancement was compared between patients and control subjects. Myocardial involvement was focal in 6 patients examined within 1 week from clinical onset, and diffuse in the remaining 14 patients examined later. Qualitatively, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted subtracted images had 100% sensitivity and specificity for myocardial involvement. Postcontrast T1-weighted images were able to discriminate the early phase (nodular enhancement) from the later phase of myocarditis (diffuse enhancement). Quantitatively, myocardial enhancement was 56% +/- 3.2% in patients, vs 29% +/- 3.1% in control subjects using T1-weighted MRI (p < 0.0001). Serial turboFLASH images displayed greater myocardial enhancement between 25 s and 120 s in patients than in control subjects (p < 0.0001); however, there was marked enhancement of skeletal muscles in both early and late stages of myocarditis compared to control subjects (p < 0.0001). On the basis of subtracted cardiac-gated T1-weighted images and serial postinjection turboFLASH images, our study shows that myocarditis is largely, at least in the early stages, a focal process in the myocardium. It also provides evidence of transient skeletal muscle involvement, which may actually be useful for diagnosis.

L’usage des outils numériques s’est largement développé dans les études prosopographiques, toutes périodes confondues. L’apport indéniable en termes de stockage et d’interrogation des données s’accompagne également d’une réflexion, induite par ce nouvel outil, sur les pratiques héritées d’une longue tradition érudite. Le recours à une base de données relationnelle permet de s’interroger sur le processus de fabrication d’une notice prosopographique, interrogation d’autant plus nécessaire en prosopographie attique que l’on travaille avec des sources lacunaires dont le texte lui-même est souvent difficile à établir. Ce questionnement sur la méthode, et donc sur la validité des données publiées dans un catalogue qui sera le support de multiples études, n’est pas neuf, mais il est renouvelé par la nécessité de traduire la démarche prosopographique dans le langage des bases de données relationnelles. Il s’agit donc, dans un premier temps, de parcourir la longue tradition de la prosopographie attique pour voir quelle place a pris le discours de la méthode depuis la fin du xix e siècle. Dans un second temps, l’article tente de montrer, en s’appuyant sur un exemple précis détaillé en annexe, que la décomposition en tables dans une base de données révèle les implicites de ce discours de la méthode. Il s’agit de s’interroger sur le type, le nombre et la valeur des arguments qu’il faut retenir pour accepter les hypothèses prosopographiques. IT tools have been broadly developed in prosopographical studies irrespective of the period in question. The payoffs can be seen in the matter of data storage and data query but these tools also raise the question of the prosopographical practices inherited from the scholar tradition. In particular, a relational database enables us to examine the way to build a prosopography from a new point of view. This examination is all the more needed in the context of Attic prosopography, whilst our corpus of sources is incomplete and based on texts established with difficulty. Neither methodological questions, nor the questioning about the validity of the prosopographical data, on which depend many studies, are new. This methodological questioning is nevertheless renewed when we try to translate the prosopographical logic into the relational databases system. The first part of this paper is a historiographical analysis of the long tradition of Attic prosopography so as to understand why the methodological discourse remains implicit since the end of the 19th century. It seems that the historians of Ancient Greece intervene less than those of the Roman world in the epistemological debate, even if prosopography was born at the same time, within the scope of Greek and Roman epigraphical studies. This link with epigraphy remains so important that it is difficult to distinguish between the different kinds of prosopography (onomasticon, epigraphical commentary, social enquiry) when we look back to the publications dealing with Hellenistic Athens for example. In these studies, we can see that making prosopography seems to be obvious when you work with Attic inscriptions. This is maybe the reason why the method used to build the personal lexicon is not systematically explained. Notwithstanding, we can find reflections about methodological considerations in several of those publications. The second part of this article aims to demonstrate that a relational database reveals this implicit discourse. After having explained how a database devoted to Attic prosopography should be structured, I illustrate with a precise example the link between the methodological discourse and this specific data structure. Namely, the recording of data in separate tables can stress a set of arguments usually used to read incomplete names in texts, decipher homonyms and find parents. It would be of great benefit if we decided on the permanent combination of arguments sufficient to accept a prosopographical hypothesis as certain. We must first determine each kind of arguments we are used to taking in consideration, such as «sharing of demotic» or «onomastic network». We also must establish if we have to give them the same value. We must finally decide how many of these arguments should be chosen together in the same rationale. Details of the example of the family of Charikles and Theodoros of Phalêreus can be found in the annex, where I examine two possible stemmata.

Objective To examine the relation between the initial microvascular perfusion pattern, as assessed by intracoronary myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE), immediately after restoration of TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) (TIMI) grade 3 flow during acute myocardial infarction, and the extent and timing of functional recovery in the area at risk. Setting Referral centre for interventional cardiology. Methods Intracoronary MCE was performed 15 minutes after TIMI grade 3 recanalisation of the infarct artery in 25 patients. Segmental myocardial contrast patterns were graded semiquantitatively (0, none; 0.5, heterogeneous; 1, homogeneous). Functional recovery was assessed by echocardiography on days 9 and 42. Results Among 174 myocardial segments in the area at risk, wall motion recovery on day 9 was observed in 40% of MCE grade 1 segments but there was no significant recovery in grade 0 or 0.5 segments. On day 42, recovery had occurred in 56% of MCE grade 1 segments (p < 0.0001v MCE grade 0 and 0.5; p = 0.0001v MCE grade 1 on day 9), and 22% of MCE grade 0.5 segments (p = 0.02 v MCE grade 0; p = 0.0005 v MCE grade 0.5 on day 9); MCE grade 0 segments did not recover. Negative predictive value in predicting recovery by contrast enhancement was 95% and 89% by days 9 and 42, respectively. Conclusions Contractile recovery occurs earliest in well reperfused segments. Up to one quarter of segments with heterogeneous contrast enhancement show wall motion recovery within the first six weeks. Myocardial perfusion after recanalisation in acute myocardial infarction, even if heterogeneous, is a prerequisite for postischaemic functional recovery. Thus preservation of acute myocardial perfusion is associated with more complete and early functional recovery.

Preoperative imaging is indicated to discriminate patent, adequate superficial veins of the upper limbs undetectable by clinical inspection that could be anastomosed for the creation of a durable and functional hemodialysis fistula. The aim of this pictorial review is to provide a venous anatomic map of the upper limbs using MR venography (MRV) which could help surgeons before creation of hemodialysis access fistulas (AVF). At the level of the forearm, the antebrachial cephalic vein is the most commonly identified as patent. At the level of the elbow and distal arm, the cephalic vein is patent in 80% of normal subjects, and less often patent (23-26%) than basilic vein (33-38%) in patients. Overall, reading transaxial MR views can help for assessing upper limb vein anatomy before creation of a hemodialysis access fistula.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gadolinium chelate dilution on vascular enhancement in contrast-enhanced two-dimensional (2D) MR subtraction angiography of aorta and renal arteries. Twenty patients were prospectively included. 2D subtraction MR angiography consisted of successive multisection breathhold GRE acquisitions of 16 s (2D FLASH, TR/TE 72/4, flip angle 60 degrees) obtained in the coronal plane before and after intravenous bolus administration of 0.1 mmol/kg BW gadolinium chelate. Patients underwent both diluted and undiluted gadolinium chelate administration in a random order. The data were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively on source and maximum intensity projection images. The length of renal arteries opacified was found not to differ significantly according to contrast dilution. The contrast enhancement percentage was not significantly modified according to the dilution used, but the time to peak enhancement was observed to be longer with the diluted contrast. Qualitatively, the best MR images were those obtained when undiluted contrast was injected first (chi2, P = 0.01). At a dosage of gadolinium chelate 0.1 mmol/kg BW, undiluted contrast 2D MR subtraction angiography seems to be more appropriate for studying diseases of the aorta and renal arteries than a similar diluted dose.

201TI reverse redistribution is a common finding early after reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction. Its mechanism and clinical implications remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between reverse redistribution, microvascular perfusion, and myocardial viability. Resting, 10-min-postinjection, and redistribution 201TI data obtained for 33 patients 8 and 42 d after the onset of acute myocardial infarction were compared with echocardiographic wall motion measured acutely and on day 42. Microvascular perfusion was assessed by myocardial contrast echocardiography performed 10 min after restoration of complete patency of the infarct artery. Marked significant reverse redistribution was found on day 8 (absolute change, 7.5%+/-7.9% of the 10-min-postinjection defect size; P<5x0.000001) and significantly decreased on day 42 (2.7%+/-6.8%; P = 0.004 between days 8 and 42). The 10-min-postinjection defect size best predicted the final infarct size on day 42 and was closely related to microvascular perfusion. Patients with adequate reperfusion had a smaller postinjection defect on day 8 (21.1%+/-14.6%) and a larger reverse redistribution (10.2%+/-6.1%) than did patients with no reflow (35.3%+/-13% and 3.2%+/-9.2%, respectively; P<0.04 for both). Reverse redistribution was marked early after myocardial infarction in patients with complete patency of the infarct artery and decreased in subsequent weeks. Reverse redistribution was associated with restoration of adequate microvascular reperfusion and with myocardial salvage and viability. The early postinjection scans on day 8 were the relevant images for assessing myocardial salvage and predicting wall motion recovery.

Notre connaissance des individus du passé est tributaire des traces qu’ils laissèrent de leur nom dans les sources. L’accès à ces noms est désormais facilité par l’existence de bases en ligne qui permettent de récupérer rapidement les données. Comment dès lors mettre à profit ce nouveau mode d’enquête, qui part d’une lecture distante des sources ? Combinant lecture distante et rapprochée, cet article s’interroge sur la visibilité des noms féminins en Attique. Plus exactement, la mise en oeuvre de l’analyse de réseaux appliquée aux noms liés par la filiation, permet de replacer noms masculins et féminins dans des réseaux de parenté. Dès lors, il est possible de s’interroger sur le rôle que jouent les revendications de parenté dans la visibilité des femmes dans les sources athéniennes. Individuals from the past are known through the names they have left in the sources. Access to names is now made easier by the existence of online databases that allow rapid retrieval of data. How can we take advantage of this new mode of investigation, which starts from a distant reading of the sources? By combining distant and close reading of sources, this paper deals with the visibility of female names in Attica. More precisely, the implementation of network analysis applied to names linked by filiation, allows us to insert male and female names within kinship networks. It is therefore possible to study the role played by claims of kinship in the visibility of women in Athenian sources.

Notre connaissance des individus du passé est tributaire des traces qu’ils laissèrent de leur nom dans les sources. L’accès à ces noms est désormais facilité par l’existence de bases en ligne qui permettent de récupérer rapidement les données. Comment dès lors mettre à profit ce nouveau mode d’enquête, qui part d’une lecture distante des sources ? Combinant lecture distante et rapprochée, cet article s’interroge sur la visibilité des noms féminins en Attique. Plus exactement, la mise en œuvre de l’analyse de réseaux appliquée aux noms liés par la filiation, permet de replacer noms masculins et féminins dans des réseaux de parenté. Dès lors, il est possible de s’interroger sur le rôle que jouent les revendications de parenté dans la visibilité des femmes dans les sources athéniennes.