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"Kasher, Asa"
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Soldiers as subjects of medical research: Comments on Hassidim et al. on ethical standards of the Israel Defense Force
In 2008 a group of former soldiers of the Israel Defense Force (IDF) sued the Ministry of Defense and others, claiming they had suffered from medical problems that resulted from an IDF medical experiment in which they had participated in the 1970s. There was no compelling medical evidence with respect to causal relationships between their participation in the experiment and their later medical problems.
The President of the District Court, Justice Hila Gerstl, appointed me, with the consent of the parties, to write a deposition with respect to the ethical aspects of the case. My comments in the sequel rest on my deposition, applying not only to the case that had been under discussion but also to each and every case of experimentation. My arguments, strictly confined to the ethical aspects of the case, as opposed to the legal aspects and the debated facts, were not in favor of either party. As a result the state and the former soldiers reached an agreement approved by the court.
One of the major points made in that deposition is that the Nuremberg and Helsinki principles follow from those of medical ethics in general, except for the requirement to have an Institutional Review Board (IRB). A second major point is that under very strict conditions, more than what is usually required, soldiers may participate in medical experiments administered by their military force. However, new conscripts during their first months of their service should not take part in medical experimentation within their military force.
Journal Article
Fighting Forms of Idolatry
To interpret a verse or a chapter is to embed its text in a broader meaning framework. Interpretations can differ from each other in the breadth of the related meaning frameworks. One can embed a chapter in a meaning framework of a book, a school of thought, or a tradition. The purpose of this essay is to embed an image of Moses that arises from a certain Jewish tradition within the broadest possible Jewish meaning framework, one that interprets Jewish texts and practices in terms of a comprehensive, deeply entrenched, strictly observed opposition to all possible forms of idolatry.¹ A
Book Chapter
Language Performance in Chronic Schizophrenia: A Pragmatic Approach
In this study, the authors examined the language of 43 participants with chronic schizophrenia under the basic assumption that a paradigmatic shift is needed in the methodology used to investigate the language of schizophrenia. The pragmatic protocol (C. Prutting & D. Kirchner, 1987) was chosen as the method of analysis to attain a general profile of pragmatic abilities. The results showed that the participants with schizophrenia exhibited a high degree of inappropriate pragmatic abilities compared to participants with mixed anxiety-depression disorder and participants with hemispheric brain damage, as previously assessed by Prutting and Kirchner. Statistical methods for clustering analysis yielded 5 distinct parameter clusters: Topic, Speech Acts, Turn-Taking, Lexical, and Nonverbal. Group clustering analysis of the 43 participants with schizophrenia produced 3 distinct groups with different profiles: minimal impairment, lexical impairment, and interactional impairment. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical implications in the area of pragmatics, the diagnosis of schizophrenia, and other goals.
Journal Article
IMPLICATURE
When a sincere performance of a speech act takes place in a certain context of utterance, what is conveyed by the performance, under the circumstances, beyond what is then being literally said by it, is an implicature of it.
Book Chapter
PERFORMATIVE
A description of utterances, sentences and speech acts the use of which is meant to create facts in addition to the fact of one of them having been used. Often, the appearance of ‘hereby’ marks the performative nature of the expression, as in ‘Master Little John is hereby created Sheriff of Nottingham’ (Robin Hood).
Book Chapter
UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
In Noam Chomsky’s theory of human natural language, the genetically determined initial state of the linguistic competence in the individual human mind/brain, which is the starting point of the linguistic development of the individual into a mature user of a natural language.
Book Chapter
