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Hydrocarbons are of significance for economic and environmental standpoints. Hydrocarbon microseepage alters the surface properties of land. Here, the detection of potential hydrocarbon microoseepage zone based on vegetation stress is carried out in the north-eastern Indian states of Assam and Meghalaya. A weighted overlay model, fed by 11 spectral wide and narrow band vegetation indices (VIs), is used to determine the effective VIs for detecting vegetation stress. Mineral alteration indices are also employed as proxies to detect potential hydrocarbon microseepage sites. Mineral alteration zones exhibiting vegetation stress are speculated to be potential hydrocarbon microseepage sites. VIs such as Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RENDVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Lichtenthaler Index 1 (LIC1) and Simple Ratio Index (SRI) are more effective in detecting vegetation stress as they are sensitive to minor variations in chlorophyll content. The predominant vegetation stress is detected in south-east region of the study area in Jowai around Jaintia hills. The mineral alteration indices confirms that it is a potential hydrocarbon microseepage zone. Thus, remote sensing data can serve the dual purpose of fuel resource exploration and pollution source detection at once being cost effective, hazard free and convenient.

Introduction: Our goal was to systematically review contemporary literature comparing the relative effectiveness of two mechanical compression devices (LUCAS and AutoPulse) to manual compression for achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: We searched medical databases systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies published between January 1, 2000–October 1, 2020 that compared mechanical chest compression (using any device) with manual chest compression following OHCA. We only included studies in the English language that reported ROSC outcomes in adult patients in non-trauma settings to conduct random-effects metanalysis and trial sequence analysis (TSA). Multivariate meta-regression was performed using preselected covariates to account for heterogeneity. We assessed for risk of biases in randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. Results: A total of 15 studies (n = 18474), including six RCTs, two cluster RCTs, five retrospective case-control, and two phased prospective cohort studies, were pooled for analysis. The pooled estimates’ summary effect did not indicate a significant difference (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval, 0.97 to 1.39, P = 0.11, I2 = 0.83) between mechanical and manual compressions during CPR for ROSC. The TSA showed firm evidence supporting the lack of improvement in ROSC using mechanical compression devices. The Z-curves successfully crossed the TSA futility boundary for ROSC, indicating sufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions regarding these outcomes. Multivariate meta-regression demonstrated that 100% of the between-study variation could be explained by differences in average age, the proportion of females, cardiac arrests with shockable rhythms, witnessed cardiac arrest, bystander CPR, and the average time for emergency medical services (EMS) arrival in the study samples, with the latter three attaining statistical significance. Conclusion: Mechanical compression devices for resuscitation in cardiac arrests are not associated with improved rates of ROSC. Their use may be more beneficial in non-ideal situations such as lack of bystander CPR, unwitnessed arrest, and delayed EMS response times. Studies done to date have enough power to render further studies on this comparison futile.

We unravel the response of terrestrial ecosystems in India to Tropical Cyclones (TCs) originating in the North Indian Ocean (NIO). We find that about 34.6% of TCs drove greening and 65.4% caused browning response of vegetation during 2000–2020. TC-induced greening is more likely for TCs originated in pre-monsoon (100%) or monsoon (62.5%) than post-monsoon with large browning response (94%). Rainfall by TCs increases soil moisture (SM) and reduces climatic water deficit (CWD) for a moisture-stressed region, and its effective utilisation by vegetation triggers the greening response. Granger Causality reveals that TC-induced rain and greening response exhibit a maximum temporal lag of 40 days. The favourable vegetation response to TCs is a new insight as it sheds light on the complex Atmosphere-Land-Ocean (ALO) interactions on a regional scale. The findings can aid to improve climate models for better policy decisions aimed at climate adaptation and sustainability on both regional and global scales.

This study investigates the origins of GW230529, delving into its formation from massive stars within isolated binary systems. Utilizing population-synthesis models, we present compelling evidence that the neutron star component forms second. However, the event’s low signal-to-noise ratio introduces complexities in identifying the underlying physical mechanisms driving its formation. Augmenting our analysis with insights from numerical relativity, we estimate the final black hole mass and spin to be approximately 5.3 M ⊙ and 0.53, respectively. Furthermore, we employ the obtained posterior samples to calculate the ejecta mass and kilonova light curves resulting from r-process nucleosynthesis. We find the ejecta mass to be within 0–0.06 M ⊙, contingent on the neutron star equation of state. The peak brightness of the kilonova light curves indicates that targeted follow-up observations with a Rubin-like observatory may have detected this emission.

Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has emerged as a novel approach in the field of health and wellness. It is believed to have therapeutic antioxidant properties that can neutralize harmful free radicals in the human body. It has also been shown to be beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways. We aim to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the potential benefits of hydrogen-rich water. The review protocol was uploaded on PROSPERO. After the initial search criteria, the articles were reviewed by two blinded investigators, and a total of 25 articles were included in the systematic review. The potential benefits of hydrogen-rich water on various aspects of health, including exercise capacity, physical endurance, liver function, cardiovascular disease, mental health, COVID-19, oxidative stress, and anti-aging research, are a subject of growing interest and ongoing research. Although preliminary results in clinical trials and studies are encouraging, further research with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodologies is needed to substantiate these findings. Current research needs to fully explain the mechanisms behind the potential benefits of hydrogen-rich water. Continued scientific exploration will provide valuable insights into the potential of hydrogen-rich water as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in the future.

The SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus has shown an association with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Initial retrospective studies emerging from China and France, as well as case reports from different parts of the world revealed a spectrum of neurological symptoms ranging from a simple headache to more serious encephalitis and dysexecutive syndromes. Authors have tried to explain this neurotropism of the virus by comparing invasion mechanisms with prior epidemic coronavirus like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Concrete evidence on those viruses has been limited. This review attempts to discuss various pathophysiological mechanisms as it relates to neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2. We will also discuss the neurological manifestations seen in various retrospective studies, systemic reviews, and case reports.

Substantial ecological ramifications of moisture stress in ecosystems is called ecological droughts, and are largely unexplored for India. Here, we investigate ecological droughts, their drivers and implications in Indian Summer Monsoon during 2000–2019 based on remote sensing and machine learning. Ecological droughts are increasing in the ecologically fragile pristine forests and croplands that decline vegetation health in India. Meteorological aridity (23.9%) and ocean warming (18.2%) primarily drive the ecological droughts, as suggested by the Random Forest model. Causal analysis reveals that ocean warming indirectly triggers ecological droughts in India. The human intervention in forests also leads to their degradation. The rising ecological droughts due to changing vegetation-climate-human nexus in a shifting monsoon system is a concern for sustainability, food security and climate change mitigation in India. It is thus imperative to consider the ecological repercussions of droughts in policy making and combat their threats through judiciously engineered nature-based solutions. Meteorological aridity and, indirectly, ocean warming contribute to increased ecological droughts in India during the Indian summer monsoon by about 24% and 18%, respectively, according to an analysis of satellite vegetation data over the period 2000–2019 using machine learning.

The current monkeypox (MPX) outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is a zoonotic disease that has persisted in the African basin for decades but suddenly exploded into the international sphere this year. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of monkeypox, including a hypothesis of the rapid spread of the virus, its epidemiology and clinical features, a comparison with other orthopoxviruses such as chickenpox and smallpox, past and present outbreaks, and strategies for its prevention and treatment.

Social media platforms like TikTok have become a source of health information, particularly for younger audiences, but concerns remain about the accuracy and reliability of this content. This study assessed the quality, engagement, and sentiment of TikTok videos on sudden cardiac death (SCD), comparing healthcare professional (HCP) and non-HCP creators. Using Exolyt, the top 100 videos under two popular SCD hashtags were screened, and 83 met inclusion criteria. Engagement metrics (likes, comments, shares) and creator type were recorded, and quality was assessed with DISCERN, modified JAMA benchmarks, and a modified CRAAP test. Non-HCP videos achieved significantly higher engagement, with greater median reshares ( p  = 0.0050), favourited counts ( p  = 0.0495), and engagement rates ( p  = 0.0014). In contrast, HCP videos demonstrated higher quality scores, performing significantly better on the DISCERN ( p  < 0.0001), JAMA ( p  < 0.0001), and CRAAP ( p  < 0.0001) assessments. They were also more likely to present clear aims ( p  = 0.0023) and to describe benefits ( p  = 0.0030) and risks ( p  = 0.0005) of treatments. Sentiment analysis found no significant difference, though non-HCP videos were more often positive (59.1% vs. 40.9%, p  = 0.332). In summary, HCPs produce more accurate and reliable content, while non-HCPs achieve greater reach and interaction. Enhancing the visibility of evidence-based content may require collaborations between HCPs and creators or platform-level interventions.