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In the last decades, many indirect methods have been developed to measure the cross section of nuclear reactions at the low energies interesting in many astrophysical scenarios. The Trojan Horse Method uses a three body reaction, involving by a strong clusterized nucleus, to infer information about a two body reaction of interest, selecting the events that proceed through the quasi-free reaction mechanism. To reconstruct the reaction kinematic and to identify the useful reaction mechanism, the energy and angle of at least two of the three outgoing particles must be carefully measured. Moreover, enough statistics is required, as the quasi-free events usually represent just a small fraction of the acquired statistic. These requirements hardly match with the typical characteristics of radioactive ion beams: low intensity, large divergence and possible presence of contaminants. For this reason, only recently the Trojan Horse Method has been applied to study reactions induced by radioactive beams. This application gives also the opportunity to measure cross section of neutron induced reactions on radioactive isotopes, even if they have a short lifetime. In the following some results obtained in the study of the reactions 18F(p,α)15O and 18F(n,α)15N will be presented.

The Trojan Horse Method (THM) is an indirect method that allows to get information about a two body reaction cross-section even at very low energy, avoiding the suppression effects due to the presence of the Coulomb barrier. The method requires a very accurate measurement of a three body reaction in order to reconstruct the whole kinematics and discriminate among different reaction mechanisms that can populate the same final state. These requirements hardly match with the typical low intensity and large divergence of radioactive ion beams (RIBs), and experimental improvements are mandatory for the applicability of the method. The first reaction induced by a radio activeion beam studied by applying the THM was the 18 F(p,α) 15 O. Two experiments were performed in two different laboratories and using different experimental set-ups. The two experiments will be discussed and some results will be presented.

The KOBRA (KOrea Broad acceptance Recoil spectrometer and Apparatus) is a multi-purpose recoil spectrometer for low-energy nuclear experiments at the RAON accelerator complex. It is divided into two stages based on the operational function: the first stage (F0–F3) is an in-flight separator or beam transport line, and the second stage (F3–F5) is a large acceptance spectrometer. For spectrometers using radioactive ion (RI) beams, high performance, such as high resolution and large acceptance, are especially required due to the limit of quality of RI beams. In this respect, a dispersion-matching technique and a movable magnet system were employed for high resolution and large acceptance, respectively. Reaction spectra at the focal plane for the dispersion matching mode were obtained and analyzed using a Monte Carlo simulation code. In addition, the geometrical angular acceptances with respect to the distance between the reaction target and the first Q-pole doublet of the second stage were calculated, and the expected maximum solid angle of the spectrometer was estimated.

In the K1.8 beam-line at Hadron Experimental Facility of J-PARC, a new magnetic spectrometer S-2S is being installed. S-2S was designed to achieve a high momentum resolution of Δ p / p = 6 × 10 −4 in FWHM. Several strangeness-physics programs which require the high resolution will be realized by S-2S. The present article introduces J-PARC E70 (missing-mass spectroscopy of Ξ 12 Be) and E94 (missing-mass spectroscopy of Λ 7 Li, Λ 10 B, and Λ 12 C) experiments.

The Golgi apparatus, a crucial organelle involved in protein processing, including glycosylation, exhibits complex sub-structures, i.e., cis-, medial, and trans-cisternae. This study investigated the distribution of glycosyltransferases within the Golgi apparatus of mammalian cells via 3D super-resolution imaging. Focusing on human glycosyltransferases involved in N-glycan modification, we found that even enzymes presumed to coexist in the same Golgi compartment exhibit nuanced variations in localization. By artificially making their N-terminal regions [composed of a cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and stem segment (CTS)] identical, it was possible to enhance the degree of their colocalization, suggesting the decisive role of this region in determining the sub-Golgi localization of enzymes. Ultimately, this study reveals the molecular codes within CTS regions as key determinants of glycosyltransferase localization, providing insights into precise control over the positioning of glycosyltransferases, and consequently, the interactions between glycosyltransferases and substrate glycoproteins as cargoes in the secretory pathway. This study advances our understanding of Golgi organization and opens avenues for programming the glycosylation of proteins for clinical applications.Key words: Golgi apparatus, glycosyltransferase, 3D super-resolution imaging, N-glycosylation

Topological Dirac semimetals (TDSs) offer an excellent opportunity to realize outstanding physical properties distinct from those of topological insulators. Since TDSs verified so far have their own problems such as high reactivity in the atmosphere and difficulty in controlling topological phases via chemical substitution, it is highly desirable to find a new material platform of TDSs. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with first-principles band-structure calculations, we show that ternary compound BaMg 2 Bi 2 is a TDS with a simple Dirac-band crossing around the Brillouin-zone center protected by the C 3 symmetry of crystal. We also found that isostructural SrMg 2 Bi 2 is an ordinary insulator characterized by the absence of band inversion due to the reduction of spin–orbit coupling. Thus, X Mg 2 Bi 2 ( X  = Sr, Ba, etc.) serves as a useful platform to study the interplay among crystal symmetry, spin–orbit coupling, and topological phase transition around the TDS phase.

While phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) due to cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) of atrial fibrillation (AF) was transient in most cases, no studies have reported the results of the long-term follow-up of PNP. This study aimed to summarize details and the results of long-term follow-up of PNP after cryoballoon ablation. A total of 511 consecutive AF patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation was included. During right-side PVI, the diaphragmatic compound motor action potential (CMAP) was reduced in 46 (9.0%) patients and PNP occurred in 29 (5.7%) patients (during right-superior PVI in 20 patients and right-inferior PVI in 9 patients). PNP occurred despite the absence of CMAP reduction in 0.6%. The PV anatomy, freezing parameters and the operator’s proficiency were not predictors of PNP. While PNP during RSPVI persisted more than 4 years in 3 (0.6%) patients, all PNP occurred during RIPVI recovered until one year after the ablation. However, there was no significant difference in the recovery duration from PNP between PNP during RSPVI and RIPVI. PNP occurred during cryoballoon ablation in 5.7%. While most patients recovered from PNP within one year after the ablation, PNP during RSPVI persisted more than 4 years in 0.6% of patients.