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The inner few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way, the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), is our closest laboratory for understanding star formation in the extreme environments (hot, dense, turbulent gas) that once dominated the universe. We present an update on the first large-area survey to expose the sites of star formation across the CMZ at high-resolution in submillimeter wavelengths: the CMZoom survey with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). We identify the locations of dense cores and search for signatures of embedded star formation. CMZoom is a three-year survey in its final year and is mapping out the highest column density regions of the CMZ in dust continuum and a variety of spectral lines around 1.3 mm. CMZoom combines SMA compact and subcompact configurations with single-dish data from BGPS and the APEX telescope, achieving an angular resolution of about 4″ (0.2 pc) and good image fidelity up to large spatial scales.

Hintergrund: Orthorektisches Ernährungsverhalten ist gekennzeichnet durch eine intensive Beschäftigung mit gesunder Ernährung sowie restriktiven Essgewohnheiten trotz negativer psychosozialer und körperlicher Folgen. Da es sich um ein relativ neues Konstrukt handelt, sind seine Prävalenz und Korrelate in der Bevölkerung und die damit verbundene Inanspruchnahme psychiatrisch-psychosomatischer Behandlungsangebote noch unklar. Methoden: Erwachsene aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung füllten die Düsseldorfer Orthorexie-Skala (DOS), den Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) und die Short Evaluation of Eating Disorders (SEED) aus. Ergebnisse: 511 (63.4 % weibliche) Teilnehmer mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 43.39 (SD = 18.06) füllten die Fragebögen aus. Die Prävalenz von ON nach der DOS betrug 2.3 %. T-Tests für unabhängige Stichproben ergaben höhere DOS-Werte für Personen mit Bulimia nervosa (p < .001, Cohens d = 1.14), somatoformem Syndrom (p = .012, d = .60) und depressivem Syndrom (verglichen p < .001, d = 1.78) nach PHQ sowie bei Personen, die Angst vor einer Gewichtszunahme angaben (p < .001, d = 1.78). Der DOS-Wert korrelierte mäßig stark und positiv mit den PHQ-Werten für Depression (r = .37, p < .001) und Stress (r = .33, p < .001) sowie mit dem SEED-Bulimie-Score (r=.32, p<.001). In multivariaten logistischen Regressionsanalysen waren nur die PHQ-Depressionswerte mit früheren psychotherapeutischen oder psychiatrischen Behandlungen (OR=1.20, p=.002) und der Einnahme von Psychopharmaka im letzten Jahr (OR=1.22, p=.013) assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Prävalenz von ON war im Vergleich zu internationalen Studien niedrig, steht aber im Einklang mit anderen nicht repräsentativen deutschen Studien. Orthorektische Tendenzen stehen in Zusammenhang mit allgemeinem psychischem Stress und Essstörungssymptomen, sind aber kein unabhängiger Grund für die Inanspruchnahme einer Behandlung.

Combining electrochemical conversion, liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/LC/ESI-MS) on-line allows the rapid identification of possible oxidation products of clozapine (CLZ) in the absence and in the presence of glutathione. CLZ is, depending on the applied potential, oxidized to various products in an electrochemical flow-through cell using a porous glassy carbon working electrode. Several hydroxylated and demethylated species are detected on-line using LC/MS. While hydroxy-CLZ is most abundant at a potential of 400 mV, demethylation occurs more readily at higher potentials (at around 700 mV versus Pd/H(2) reference). In the presence of glutathione (GSH), various isomeric glutathione adducts and respective products of further oxidation can be identified. The thioadducts are characterized by tandem MS. Mono-GSH and bis-GSH derivatives can be seen in the chromatograms. The results correlate well with the cyclic voltammetric profile of CLZ. The data are relevant from a pharmacological point of view, since similar metabolites (phases I and II) have been reported in the literature. The EC/LC/MS and EC/MS methods should be valuable tools that can be used to anticipate and understand the metabolization patterns of molecules of pharmacological interest and to point out reactive intermediates.

Information technology (IT) has long been applied to support exchanges of goods, services, and information between organizations. With the advent of Internet-based business-to-business (B2B) electronic markets, however, real opportunities for online transactions have opened up. This paper develops an extended framework for studying business models of B2B electronic markets in terms of their roles and functions. Synthesizing prior research on electronic markets, interorganizational information systems, and adoption of network technologies, we reveal that B2B electronic markets offer basic market functions, as some researchers have indicated, and that the current functionality base for electronic markets is beginning to emphasize other capabilities that aim to satisfy management information and risk-management needs and enable technological adaptation and systems integration. The analytic framework is applied to a systematic study and classification of representative electronic markets to make sense of the landscape of the emerging on-line B2B marketplaces. Several potential impacts and characteristic development trends are identified, along with a variety of opportunities that B2B e-markets can exploit to create competitive advantage. The extension of prior evaluative frameworks builds a strong foundation that managers can rely upon to enhance their understanding of future developments in this arena.

Sampling lattice field theories near criticality is severely hindered by critical slowing down, which makes standard Markov chain methods increasingly inefficient at large lattice volumes. We introduce a multiscale generative sampler, inspired by renormalization-group ideas, that models the Boltzmann distribution through a coarse-to-fine hierarchy across length scales. At each level, a conditional Gaussian mixture model captures the main local dependence of newly introduced variables on the already-sampled coarse field, while a masked continuous normalizing flow refines the remaining conditional structure. Coarse levels encode the dominant long-wavelength modes, and finer levels progressively add short-distance fluctuations. In addition, because the architecture preserves coarse fields exactly during refinement, it provides exact restriction maps at no additional computational cost and directly enables unbiased Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) variance reduction. For the two-dimensional scalar \\(^4\\) theory at criticality, the method achieves integrated autocorrelation times orders of magnitude smaller than Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) on large volumes, maintains high importance-sampling efficiency relative to other generative baselines, and reproduces unbiased physical observables in statistical agreement with long HMC simulations.

The search for new in vitro screening tools for early metabolite profiling and identification is becoming a major focus of interest in the pharmaceutical industry. This is motivated by the hope to avoid late failure in drug development and ultimately to launch safer drugs with fewer side effects. Electroanalytical methods alone or coupled on-line with mass spectrometry, can find a niche in this context as they may be readily implemented for the electrically driven synthesis and characterization of xenobiotics oxidized or reduced form(s). Intimately integrated in a dual electrode-enzyme configuration, electroanalysis offers also a mean to study electron transfer at the redox active center of the enzyme in the presence of a substrate and/or an inhibitor.

The interstellar medium in the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is known to be strongly magnetised, but its large-scale morphology and impact on the gas dynamics are not well understood. We explore the impact and properties of magnetic fields in the CMZ using three-dimensional non-self gravitating magnetohydrodynamical simulations of gas flow in an external Milky Way barred potential. We find that: (1) The magnetic field is conveniently decomposed into a regular time-averaged component and an irregular turbulent component. The regular component aligns well with the velocity vectors of the gas everywhere, including within the bar lanes. (2) The field geometry transitions from parallel to the Galactic plane near \\(z=0\\) to poloidal away from the plane. (3) The magneto-rotational instability (MRI) causes an in-plane inflow of matter from the CMZ gas ring towards the central few parsecs of \\(0.01-0.1\\) M\\(_\\odot\\) yr\\(^{-1}\\) that is absent in the unmagnetised simulations. However, the magnetic fields have no significant effect on the larger-scale bar-driven inflow that brings the gas from the Galactic disc into the CMZ. (4) A combination of bar inflow and MRI-driven turbulence can sustain a turbulent vertical velocity dispersion of \\(\\sigma_z \\simeq 5\\) km s\\(^{-1}\\) on scales of \\(20\\) pc in the CMZ ring. The MRI alone sustains a velocity dispersion of \\(\\sigma_z \\simeq 3\\) km s\\(^{-1}\\). Both these numbers are lower than the observed velocity dispersion of gas in the CMZ, suggesting that other processes such as stellar feedback are necessary to explain the observations. (5) Dynamo action driven by differential rotation and the MRI amplifies the magnetic fields in the CMZ ring until they saturate at a value that scales with the average local density as \\(B \\simeq 102 (n/10^3 cm^{-3})^{0.33}\\) \\(\\mu\\)G. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results within the observational context in the CMZ.