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Robotic process automation (RPA), a revolutionary technology that is currently being developed to relieve users’ daily duties of laborious and mundane duties. A number of research studies are currently being undertaken on this subject as a result of the completely novel field of study that the technology itself offers to the academic community. This pertains to a wholly distinct field of technology and is not robotics. The field of robotic technology known as robotic process automation is very contemporary and is growing quickly. The research presented here emphasises the key aspects of robotic process automation (RPA) and how it is used in the health care industry.

In this study, flavohemoproteins from protist, bacterial and fungal sources as well those available in metagenome data have been characterized using standard bioinformatics tools in order to study their phylogenetic relationships, three-dimensional structure and functional parameters. 5 clusters of metagenomic proteins were identified which showed the closest neighbors with known genera. The average length of flavohemoprotein in the data set was found to be 414 residues. The average pI and molecular weight (MW) was 6.72 and 47.28 kDa respectively in all strains including metagenome sequences. Flavohemoproteins showed similar amino acid composition among different organisms including proteins from metagenomic data and from known genera, with relative higher abundance of amino acids Ala and Leu. The secondary structure prediction results revealed that the enzymes are dominated by α-helices and random coils. Tertiary structure analysis revealed the presence of three ligand binding sites for Heme, FAD and NAD. The computational analysis of flavohemoproteins from metagenomic data done in this study can provide useful sequence and structural information which can be further used for metaproteomic analysis in search for novel flavohemoprotein enzymes from the environment.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have a significant role in protein folding and are considered as prominent candidates for development of heat-tolerant crops. Understanding of wheat HSPs has great importance since wheat is severely affected by heat stress, particularly during the grain filling stage. In the present study, efforts were made to identify HSPs in wheat and to understand their role during plant development and under different stress conditions. HSPs in wheat genome were first identified by using Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSMs) of known HSP domains and then also confirmed by sequence homology with already known HSPs. Collectively, 753 TaHSPs including 169 TaSHSP , 273 TaHSP40 , 95 TaHSP60 , 114 TaHSP70 , 18 TaHSP90 and 84 TaHSP100 were identified in the wheat genome. Compared with other grass species, number of HSPs in wheat was relatively high probably due to the higher ploidy level. Large number of tandem duplication was identified in TaHSP s, especially TaSHSP s. The TaHSP genes showed random distribution on chromosomes, however, there were more TaHSP s in B and D sub-genomes as compared to the A sub-genome. Extensive computational analysis was performed using the available genomic resources to understand gene structure, gene expression and phylogentic relationship of TaHSPs . Interestingly, apart from high expression under heat stress, high expression of TaSHSP was also observed during seed development. The study provided a list of candidate HSP genes for improving thermo tolerance during developmental stages and also for understanding the seed development process in bread wheat.

Interaction with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) is essential to all members of the Orchidaceae, yet we know little about whether or how OMF abundances in substrates shape orchid populations. While root-associated OMF diversity is catalogued frequently, technological constraints have impeded the assessments of OMF communities in substrates until recently, thereby limiting the ability to link OMF communities in a habitat to population responses. Furthermore, there is some evidence that edaphic and microclimatic conditions impact OMF in soil, yet we lack an understanding of the coupled influences of abiotic environment and OMF structure on orchid population dynamics. To discover the linkages between abiotic environment, OMF community structure, and population size, we characterized the microclimatic conditions, soil physicochemistry, and OMF communities hosted by roots and soil across large and small populations of a terrestrial orchid endemic to California Floristic Province in North America. By using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 region of nrDNA amplified from root and soil DNAs, we determined that both roots and soil of larger populations, which were high in phosphorus but low in zinc, organic matter, and silt, were dominated by Tulasnellaceae OTUs. In comparison, roots and soil from smaller populations of the orchid hosted higher relative abundances of the Ceratobasidiaceae. In this multiyear, range-wide study that simultaneously measured habitat environmental conditions, and soil and root OMF communities, our results suggest that soil chemistry is clearly linked to soil and root OMF communities, which then likely alter and shape orchid populations.

Perovskite-structured Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3 ) nanoparticles as a novel heterogeneous catalyst were designed by an auto combustion route using a different chelating agent and calcination temperature. The effect of different chelating agents like disaccharide (sucrose), α-hydroxy acid (citric acid, tartaric acid), amide (urea) and calcination (150–750 °C) temperature on structure and the catalytic performance of BiFeO 3 have been analyzed. The catalytic performance of BiFeO 3 has been increased by modifying its synthesis with the addition of suitable organic compound and calcination. BiFeO 3 synthesized without the use of chelating agent gave very poor yield, i.e., 36.89%. The augmented effect of the chelating agent on the catalytic performance of BiFeO 3 was obtained in the order of blank < tartaric acid < sucrose < urea < citric acid, whereas the enhancing effect of calcination temperature in the order 150 °C < 450 °C < 550 °C < 650 °C > 750 °C. The calcination temperature results in augmentation in yield of approximately 30% with model reaction on increasing temperature from 150 to 650 °C. Different calcination temperatures (150–750 °C) have been employed to obtain single phase BiFeO 3 nanoparticles. All synthesized BiFeO 3 nanoparticles were fully characterized by FT-IR; XRD; VSM; BET; TGA; XPS and Raman spectroscopy. For the very first time ever we have used them as a recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst in the formation of highly substituted dihydro-2-oxypyrrole by using one-pot, three-component reaction of DMAD, aniline and formaldehyde in methanol at room temperature with 63–88% yield. All the synthesized oxypyrroles have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques.

Targeting specific subtypes of interneurons in the spinal cord is primarily restricted to a small group of genetic model animals. Since the development of new transgenic model animals can be expensive and labor intensive, it is often difficult to generalize these findings and verify them in other model organisms, such as the rat, ferret or monkey, that may be more beneficial in certain experimental investigations. Nevertheless, endogenous enhancers and promoters delivered using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been successful in providing expression in specific subtypes of neurons in the forebrain of wildtype animals, and therefore may introduce a shortcut. GABAergic interneurons, for instance, have successfully been targeted using the mDlx promoter, which has recently been developed and is now widely used in wild type animals. Here, we test the specificity and efficiency of the mDlx enhancer for robust targeting of inhibitory interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of wild-type rats using AAV serotype 2 (AAV2). Since this has rarely been done in the spinal cord, we also test the expression and specificity of the CamKIIa and hSynapsin promoters using serotype 9. We found that AAV2-mDlx does in fact target many neurons that contain an enzyme for catalyzing GABA, the GAD-65, with high specificity and a small fraction of neurons containing an isoform, GAD-67. Expression was also seen in some motor neurons although with low correlation. Viral injections using the CamKIIa enhancer via AAV9 infected in some glutamatergic neurons, but also GABAergic neurons, whereas hSynapsin via AAV9 targets almost all the neurons in the lumbar spinal cord.

Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis are common inflammatory conditions associated with Inflammatory bowel disease. Owing to the importance of diet based approaches for the prevention of inflammatory gut conditions, the present study was aimed to screen the human isolates of Bifidobacterium strains based on their ability to reduce LPS-induced inflammation in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells and to evaluate prioritized strains for their preventive efficacy against ulcerative colitis in mice. Twelve out of 25 isolated strains reduced the production of LPS-induced nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, three strains, B. longum Bif10 , B. breve Bif11 , and B. longum Bif16 conferred protection against dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in mice. The three strains prevented shortening of colon, spleen weight, percentage body weight change and disease activity index relative to colitis mice. Lower levels of Lipocalin-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and improved SCFA levels were observed in Bifidobacterium supplemented mice relative to DSS counterparts. Bacterial composition of B. longum Bif10 and B. breve Bif11 fed mice was partly similar to the normal mice, while DSS and B. longum Bif16 supplemented mice showed deleterious alterations. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium supplementation inhibited the abundances of pathobionts such as Haemophilus , Klebsiella and Lachnospira there by conferring protection.

Besides the plant-fungus symbiosis in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) plants, many endorhizal and rhizosphere bacteria (Root Associated Bacteria, or RAB) also enhance plant fitness, diversity, and coexistence among plants via bi- or tripartite interactions with plant hosts and mycorrhizal fungi. Assuming that bacterial associations are just as important for the obligate mycorrhizal plant family Orchidaceae, surprisingly little is known about the RAB associated with orchids. Herein, we first present the current, underwhelming state of RAB research including their interactions with fungi and the influence of holobionts on plant fitness. We then delineate the need for novel investigations specifically in orchid RAB ecology, and sketch out questions and hypotheses which, when addressed, will advance plant-microbial ecology. We specifically discuss the potential effects of beneficial RAB on orchids as: (1) Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), (2) Mycorrhization Helper Bacteria (MHB), and (3) constituents of an orchid holobiont. We further posit that a hologenomic view should be considered as a framework for addressing co-evolution of the plant host, their obligate Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi (OMF), and orchid RAB. We conclude by discussing implications of the suggested research for conservation of orchids, their microbial partners, and their collective habitats.

An efficient protocol was developed for quick propagation of snake plant under in vitro conditions. Leaf segments sized 1 cm were surface sterilized and inoculated on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, and various concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (1 to 10 mg/L). Cultures were maintained for 4 to 5 weeks at standard conditions to allow root induction and elongation. Shoot induction was triggered upon altering the daytime culture room temperature to 37 ± 2 °C. Multiple shoots were produced at higher IBA concentrations. Another 5 weeks later, individual plantlets were excised and hardened for 2 weeks in soil preparation contained in small cups before transferring to 30 × 20 × 20 cm sized pots. We discuss the probable events effectuating unusual shoot regeneration at relatively higher temperatures in media without supplementing any cytokinins.Key messageThis manuscript offers a unique protocol for rapid in vitro regeneration in snake plants using leaf explants cultured in airtight-sealed vessels. The success of the protocol relies on IBA led root induction at standard tissue culture temperatures, while shoot induction uses only an abrupt daytime shift to relatively high temperatures.