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Titanium-copper (Ti-Cu) alloy is an advanced antibacterial material with excellent mechanical properties, thermodynamic stability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Sandblasting and acid-etching was applied to the Ti-3Cu alloy to construct a rough surface with Ti2Cu phase on the surface in order to improve the antibacterial properties and the osseointegration. The phase constitutes and the physical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the surface chemical properties were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical testing. The antibacterial property was assessed by the plate-count method and the cell compatibility was evaluated by the CCK-8 test in order to reveal the effect of surface characteristics on the antibacterial ability and bioactivity. The results demonstrated a rough and lamellar surface structure with many submicron Ti2Cu particles on the surface of Ti-3Cu, which could enhance the antibacterial ability and promote the cell proliferation and the initial adhesion of osteoblasts. However, the surface treatment also reduced the corrosion resistance and accelerated the Cu ion release.

Mono-metallic catalysts dominate in homogeneous catalysis, wherein all the element steps generally occur on one metal site. Inspired from bimetallic active sites in both enzymes and heterogeneous catalysts, the development of binuclear catalysis can offer the potential to induce novel intermediates, reactivity, and selectivity. Metal-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes generally leads to one alkyne incorporated products and alkyne dimerization-hydrocarbofunctionalization is rather challenging via conventional mono-metallic intermediates. Herein, a highly selective dimerization-hydrocarbofunctionalization of internal alkynes is achieved via dinickel catalysis, leading to the formation of synthetically challenging pentasubstituted 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies suggest that each Ni site can promote distinct elementary steps of two alkynes to generate a di-vinyl di-Ni intermediate. Such a mode of “binuclear convergent catalysis” is fundamentally different from the traditional mono-metallic catalysis and may provide new understanding on binuclear synergistic effects at atomic and molecular level. Inspired from bimetallic active sites in both enzymes and heterogeneous catalysts, the development of binuclear catalysis can offer the potential to induce novel intermediates, reactivity, and selectivity. Here the authors report a dimerization-hydrocarbofunctionalization of internal alkynes via dinickel catalysis, leading to the formation of pentasubstituted 1,3-dienes.

This paper reports a new 3D sub-quadratic Lorenz-like system and proves the existence of two pairs of heteroclinic orbits to two pairs of nontrivial equilibria and the origin, which are completely different from the existing ones to the unstable origin and a pair of stable nontrivial equilibria in the published literature. This motivates one to further explore it and dig out its other hidden dynamics: Hopf bifurcation, invariant algebraic surface, ultimate boundedness, singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycle and so on. Particularly, numerical simulation illustrates that the Lorenz-like chaotic attractors coexist with one saddle in the origin and two stable nontrivial equilibria, which are created through the broken infinitely many singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles and explosions of normally hyperbolic stable foci E z . Graphical abstract

This study is to identify the pathogenic mutation of a child with Sots syndrome and provide prenatal diagnosis for his pregnant mother. Chromosome microarray technology was used to detect whether there were minor deletions/duplication in patients’ chromosomes. The gene mutation of patients was screened by next-generation sequencing technology, and it was verified by Sanger sequencing. Prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was conducted according to the selected pathogenic sites, and genetic counseling was conducted for her parents. Chromosome microarray results showed that there was no minor deletion in a chromosome 5q35 region, and the second-generation sequencing results showed that there was a c.4138delG heterozygous mutation in the patient’s NSD1 gene, and the pathogenic of this mutation was not reported in related databases. Sanger sequencing found that there was a c.4138delG heterozygous mutation in the NSD1 gene of the patient and her parents’ genotype at this locus was wild type. The prenatal gene test results indicated that there was heterozygous mutation of NSD1 gene c.4138delG in the fetus, so it was suggested to terminate the pregnancy. Gentling results indicated that the fetus and the patient inherited the same maternal chromosome 5. The heterozygous mutation of NSD1 gene c.4138delG is the pathogenic mutation of this Sots syndrome patient, and the mother may be germinal mosaicism.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows a significant sex disparity, with a higher incidence in women. Although reduced estradiol (E2) is a conventional explanation, inconsistent hormone‐replacement therapy outcomes suggest that other regulators, like the postmenopausal rise in follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), may be involved. The bone‐secreted hormone osteocalcin (OCN), normally neuroprotective, is paradoxically elevated in high‐risk postmenopausal women, implying a complex “hormone–bone–brain” axis. OBJECTIVE To systematically dissect the causal relationships between E2, FSH, OCN, and AD risk, providing a mechanistic explanation for the AD sex disparity. METHODS We integrated a macro‐epidemiological analysis (2021 Global Burden of Disease [GBD] data) to quantify the disparity and a robust two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis (large‐scale genome‐wide association study [GWAS] data) to explore causal pathways. The primary MR method was inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), supported by comprehensive sensitivity analyses. RESULTS GBD data confirmed higher global AD prevalence and mortality in women, especially after age 55. MR analysis revealed a positive causal effect of genetically predicted OCN levels on AD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015‐1.228; p = 0.024). No direct causal effect was found from E2 or FSH on AD. Crucially, mediation MR established that FSH causally increases OCN levels (OR = 1.080; p = 0.027), with OCN fully mediating FSH's effect on AD, establishing the novel “FSH → OCN → AD” pathway. Reverse MR ruled out reverse causation. CONCLUSION This study provides the first genetic evidence of a novel endocrine–bone–brain axis: “FSH → OCN → AD.” This suggests that postmenopausal FSH surges drive AD risk via OCN‐mediated pathology. OCN is thus a key causal mediator and promising biomarker/therapeutic target for AD intervention in women. Highlights A novel “hormone‐bone‐brain” axis explains the sex disparity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetically elevated osteocalcin (OCN) is identified as a causal risk factor for AD. The menopausal surge in follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) acts as the upstream driver for pathological OCN elevation. Acute hormonal fluctuations, rather than baseline levels, trigger this pathogenic pathway. This axis represents a female‐specific trigger for a universally deleterious mechanism.

Bi 5+ doped Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflowers were prepared for the first time by hydrothermal method using sodium bismuth and sodium tungstate as raw materials. The crystal structure, micromorphology, optical absorption and photoelectrochemical properties of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectrum, photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy plots. Using the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light as the reaction model, the effects of Bi 5+ doping on the photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflowers were investigated. The results showed that Bi 5+ doping reduces the bandgap of Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflowers, and improves the absorption ability of Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflowers in the visible-light region remarkably. The photocatalytic activity of Bi 5+ doped Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflowers was promoted significantly, and the degradation efficiency of RhB can reach 96% in 60 min under visible-light irradiation.

Titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2) were obtained by molten salt synthesis method using the Ti-Si-Fe alloy extracted from high titania blast furnace slag and natural graphite as the raw materials. The phase composition, microscopic structure of the products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The influence of firing temperature and chloride salts species on the phase and morphology of the products were investigated. The results indicated that the synthetic temperature of Ti3SiC2 by molten salt synthesis method was about 100 °C, which was lower than that without molten salts. The “dissolution-precipitation” mechanism governed the overall molten salt synthesis process. The lamellar Ti3(Si,Al)C2 crystal growth obeyed by a two-dimensional ledge growth mechanism.

The hexagonal cordierite was synthesized by the reverse coprecipitation-calcination method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The lattice thermal expansion behavior of hexagonal cordierite was investigated by high temperature X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 298-1273 K. The lattice parameters of the hexagonal cordierite at different temperature were calculated by a least squares method. The hexagonal cordierite expressed anisotropic thermal expansion behavior with the average lattice thermal expansion coefficient were 2.13×10-6 K-1 along a or b axis and-1.03×10-6 K-1 along c axis from room temperature to 1273 K. The crystal structure of hexagonal cordierite at 298 K and 1273 K were refined by Rietveld method. The thermal expansion coefficient of the height of the [MgO6]-[AlO4] polyhedral layer is-1.8×10-6 K-1. Although the six-member ring expressed the normal positive thermal expansion along arbitrary direction, the height thermal expansion coefficient of the six-member ring is just 0.6×10-6 K-1.