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After the vote was won : the later achievements of fifteen suffragists
\"Because scholars have traditionally only examined the efforts of American suffragists in relation to electoral politics, the history books have missed the story of what these women sought to achieve outside the realm of voting reform. Though Stanton, Anthony, and Mott are the best known figures of the woman's suffrage movement, all were dead more than a decade before women actually achieved the vote. Women like Alice Paul, Louisine Havermeyer, and Mary Church Terrell carried on their work, putting their campaign experiences to work long after the 19th Amendment was ratified. This book tells the story of how these women made an indelible mark on American history in fields ranging from education to art, science, publishing, and social activism.\"--Provided by publisher.
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Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign
Past biographies, histories, and government documents have ignored Alice Paul's contribution to the women's suffrage movement, but this groundbreaking study scrupulously fills the gap in the historical record. Masterfully framed by an analysis of Paul's nonviolent and visual rhetorical strategies, Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign narrates the remarkable story of the first person to picket the White House, the first to attempt a national political boycott, the first to burn the president in effigy, and the first to lead a successful campaign of nonviolence. _x000B__x000B_Katherine H. Adams and Michael L. Keene also chronicle other dramatic techniques that Paul deftly used to gain publicity for the suffrage movement. Stunningly woven into the narrative are accounts of many instances in which women were in physical danger. Rather than avoid discussion of Paul's imprisonment, hunger strikes, and forced feeding, the authors divulge the strategies she employed in her campaign. Paul's controversial approach, the authors assert, was essential in changing American attitudes toward suffrage.
eBook
Picketing Wilson
At the end of 1916, Paul felt that new techniques would be necessary to make a further impact on Wilson and his Democratic Party. Suffragists had lobbied assiduously. They had met with Wilson within the White House and without. They had held parades, mounted tableaux, and traveled cross-country. They had boycotted the Democratic Party and Wilson himself. But after he was reelected and after anger was his only response to the Milholland deputation, Paul and her followers knew they were at a dead end. Though many adherents and a great deal of publicity had been gained at each step along
Book Chapter
Parades and Other Events
Throughout the campaign for suffrage, Alice Paul felt that her combination of individual letters, circular letters, theSuffragist,and press bulletins provided the necessary written persuasion for her supporters and the larger public. But Paul also felt—as did Gandhi—that the successful nonviolent campaign could not be run with written appeals or speeches alone. Like other Quakers who had served as witnesses for social reform, Paul believed in the compelling power of the rhetorical scene or moment, the lasting impact of visual rhetoric.
Beginning in 1913 Paul created a changing panoply of visual events that brought the suffrage movement
Book Chapter
Hunger Strikes and Jail
To engage Americans and gain their sympathy, throughout the fall Paul was shifting the focus of her rhetoric, maintaining the picket line and banners but emphasizing the jail terms that shocked newspaper readers across the country. Women continued to picket, continued to be arrested and given sentences; and Paul seemed to be resending the same women to court the longer jail sentences that could demonstrate, to the press and the public, their determination and unity. As these women returned to the picket line, they entered prisons in large numbers. In October, for example, there were seventy women in two jails,
Book Chapter
Alice Paul’s Formation as Activist
In December of 1912, Alice Paul boarded a train in Philadelphia to move to Washington, D.C. She was on her way there to represent the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in Congress as chair of its Congressional Committee and thus as its official advocate of a federal suffrage amendment. At age twenty-seven, she went alone, with no place secured either to live or to work, and with a ten-dollar budget from NAWSA and an agreement that she would not ask for more. The association had been loath to trust her with this job; only Jane Addams’s argument for her
Book Chapter
The Political Boycott
As Alice Paul pursued legislators and the president with the twin goals of educating them about suffrage and publicizing their repeated denials of women’s rights, she was also trying to bring pressure on them during elections, to make use of the power women already had as voters in the West. Along with staging parades and other events, lobbying, and sending deputations, Paul initiated a more aggressive political effort, a nonviolent women’s boycott in all states where women could vote: nine states in 1914 and eleven in 1916. Ultimately, she wanted to assert that women could turn the men in power
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Reaching the Group through Words and Pictures
In 1913 the women’s suffrage movement in the United States was dispersed over a large country, with countless groups functioning separately and with many of them discouraged by state defeats. In the spring of that year, as Alice Paul developed plans for her campaign, she sought a means of convincing these suffragists of the primacy of a federal amendment, of involving them in the successes possible through nonviolent action, and of acquainting them with the particulars of each upcoming event, a forum where she could use written and visual arguments to define her goals while promulgating an affirmative vision of
Book Chapter
Lobbying and Deputations
As Alice Paul established her organization and began planning nonviolent events, she was aware that parades and tours might not by themselves accomplish her goals of educating a legislature, president, and nation. She knew that she had to find ways to go directly to leaders of the Democratic Party and to Woodrow Wilson, who in his first term initiated legislation on tariff reform, the Federal Reserve, monopolies and labor, and the Panama Canal but refused to take any action on suffrage.
From the beginning, Paul sought not just periodic public events but also regular meetings at the Capitol and in
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