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Portions of the public remain confused as to the cause, effect and responsible agent of climate change. Researchers have noted that ‘misinformation’ appears responsible for this confusion, but there continues to be a scarcity of research exploring this issue and what constitutes that ‘misinformation’. This research aims to explore information about climate change coverage in news from the top carbon-emitting countries: China, the United States, India, Russia, and Japan. A random sampling of 3,716 news articles from these five countries, were examined to determine if there was a cause of climate change that is connected to any of the top five sectors that actually create greenhouse gasses; if effects of climate change were stated; and if any responsible agents of climate change were mentioned. This study also explores if content varied when discussing climate change within the ‘home’ country or within any of the other countries sampled. Most coverage in this sample did not mention a cause of climate change, the effects of climate change or the responsibility for climate change. This ‘noninformation’ in coverage was also inherently nationalistic in approach, whereby causes and responsibilities for climate change, when found, were based in ‘other’ countries and the effects of climate change were at home. The focus in scholarly research has largely been on the misinformation and disinformation divide, but this study argues that this focus does not address news content that simply did not inform readers of fundamental climate change information. Plain language summary In 2020, the countries in the world with the largest amount of carbon emissions were China, the United States, India, Russia, and Japan. The top five sectors that create the greenhouse gasses, which increase the rate of climate change, were electricity and heat, transport, manufacturing and construction, buildings, and industry. All five of these sectors were the most prevalent emitting sectors across these five countries. This research examined 3,716 news articles from these five countries over five years to determine if there was a cause of climate change that is connected to any of these five sectors; if effects of climate change were stated; and if any responsible agents of climate change were mentioned. This study also examined if content varied when discussing climate change within one country about that country or about any other country in this sample. Most coverage did not mention a cause of climate change, the effects of climate change or the responsibility for climate change. This ‘noninformation’ in coverage was also inherently nationalistic in approach, whereby causes and responsibilities for climate change, when found, were based in ‘other’ countries and the effects of climate change were at home. This study is important as approximately half of the population on Earth cannot enact change if they do not have fundamental information. The focus in scholarly research has largely been on the misinformation and disinformation divide, but that misses a very large component of news content that simply does not inform readers.

Over 3,000 articles from 2012–2022 in Spanish and English across the US, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras were manually coded to better understand how refugees in crisis were framed in both home and destination countries. This study uses a detailed frame analysis and a broad transnational network analysis to highlight each refugee attribute on the media agenda that then informs policy across nations. While there is wide variation in the immigration policies of the countries sampled, there was nearly uniform negative framing and clustering of identical negative attributes across all countries sampled. This negative transnational homogenization of news content problematises the idea of unique journalism norms and may have profound “real world” consequences that can further stigmatize refugees throughout the Americas. This research also found that the valence of content became more negative and emotive over time. This suggests that the debate around immigration will continue and even escalate as a battleground of politics and culture—and that refugees may be portrayed even more negatively across media in the future. Given this increasing negativity and emotionality in coverage, societies may see more nationalistic—and xenophobic—immigration policies throughout the Americas and a less empathetic focus on the human rights of refugees.

Informed by the third-level agenda setting model, also known as the Network Agenda Setting Model, this article contributes to our understanding of the dynamic between meanings by the leading national media and young opinion-influencers (media professionals and civil society members with public profiles) in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. In focus are their meanings of Ukraine and its relations with the three Baltic countries and the EU. Our main findings-bifurcated meanings building \"storylines\" about Ukraine in the Baltic region--raise the possibility that as the EU Baltic states become further embedded in the EU and as the next generation of leaders emerges, the resulting narratives will become more fractured and contested.

Gay marriage is now legal in 22 countries around the world. However, homosexual acts remain punishable by death in 10 countries and are now illegal in a further 65 countries. Thus, there appears to be very clear national cultural distinctions in how local cultures consider the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. In 2016, an image of a 12-year-old boy who stood against a sea of anti-LGBT marriage protesters in Celaya, Mexico went ‘viral’ around the world as an icon for LGBT rights. This research will examine newspapers from a sample of 17 countries to see where this particular pro-LGBT image was used. This research asks the question, what is the relationship between the publication of this image and a country’s level of democracy, wealth and religion – socio-economic factors that have been found to be correlated to the acceptance of LGBT rights. The findings of this research could potentially suggest the presence of ideological biases at the national level in regards to how international news stories are told and also which news stories are even addressed. These factors may help to coalesce into a cultural perspective unique to each country examined

Gay marriage is now legal in 22 countries around the world. However, homosexual acts remain punishable by death in 10 countries and are now illegal in a further 65 countries. Thus, there appears to be very clear national cultural distinctions in how local cultures consider the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. In 2016, an image of a 12-year-old boy who stood against a sea of anti-LGBT marriage protesters in Celaya, Mexico went 'viral' around the world as an icon for LGBT rights. This research will examine newspapers from a sample of 17 countries to see where this particular pro-LGBT image was used. This research asks the question, what is the relationship between the publication of this image and a country's level of democracy, wealth and religion - socio-economic factors that have been found to be correlated to the acceptance of LGBT rights. The findings of this research could potentially suggest the presence of ideological biases at the national level in regards to how international news stories are told and also which news stories are even addressed. These factors may help to coalesce into a cultural perspective unique to each country examined

A comparison of the content of online news sites of conglomerate-owned versus independent community newspapers found that conglomerate sites were more likely to focus on public issues and have more original content than were independent sites.

This research evaluates websites from 200 'non-deviant' and 200 'deviant' non-profit organizations to better understand the relationship between the type of advocacy group and the visual imagery used for self-representation. Seventeen of 21 variables measured for this study found no difference between non-deviant and deviant non-profit organizations' visual representations on the Internet. These findings potentially complicate the notion of a diverse communicative sphere. As non-profits face the responsibility of representing themselves to potentially millions of viewers online, it is suggested that self-imposed 'normalizing' restrictions on visual constructions of organizational identity may be inevitable. The societal implications of homogenized imagery from non-profit organizations online are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

This research evaluates websites from 200 \"non-deviant\" and 200 \"deviant\" non-profit organizations to better understand the relationship between the type of advocacy group and the visual imagery used for self-representation. Seventeen of 21 variables measured for this study found no difference between non-deviant and deviant non-profit organizations' visual representations on the Internet. These findings potentially complicate the notion of a diverse communicative sphere. As non-profits face the responsibility of representing themselves to potentially millions of viewers online, it is suggested that self-imposed \"normalizing\" restrictions on visual constructions of organizational identity may be inevitable. The societal implications of homogenized imagery from non-profit organizations online are discussed. (Contains 1 table, 7 figures and 71 footnotes.)