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Among them, four reached the high office of tánaiste: the first being Mary Harney, the longest-serving woman minister in the history of the State; Joan Burton, leader of the Labour Party; Mary Coughlan, deputy leader of Fianna Fáil; and Frances Fitzgerald in Fine Gael. [...]she twice turned down offers from Mr Haughey to be spokeswoman on women's affairs. The cost of reducing food subsidies was under discussion and the late Jim Mitchell was calculating the impact on the price of rashers and sausages.

A different pope, John Paul II, flew in on an Aer Lingus plane to a different Ireland for the papal visit at the end of September 1979. Major transformation These are only a sample of the major transformation in Irish society over the last 39 years since the Polish pope's visit. There were two divorce referendums, the Judicial Separation Act, civil partnership, gay marriage and up to five abortion referendum questions before the electorate decided to approve the availability of a limited abortion regime this year. [...]looking back at a very different Ireland since the last pope's visit, what would Peter Murphy, son of Bishop Eamonn Casey, and Ross Hamilton, son of Fr Michael Cleary, have to say now?

Protect the unborn O'Reilly stated, in his letter, that the aim of the pro-life amendment was to protect the unborn child from the courts and serve as a guide to politicians.[...]in the most volatile circumstances in the history of the Dáil with three general elections being held over 18 months in the early 1980s, the Pro-Life Amendment Campaign set about to get the agreement of taoisigh - first Charles Haughey, then Garret FitzGerald - to put a ban on abortion into the Constitution.Doctors want to have legal certainty about permissible medical practices when they have to evaluate the risk to the life and health of the mother versus the unborn.

  There are many people during the 2016 election who cross-voted, Fianna Fil and Fine Gael, Fine Gael and Fianna Fil, because the parties of stability in the general election were Fine Gael, the Labour Party and Fianna Fil. There were a lot of shy Fine Gael voters who \"lent\" their votes and high preferences to Fianna Fil this time, in a reversal of what Fianna Fil did in 2011. More relevant and more interesting, of course, is what the Fianna Fil leader, Michel Martin, said - that he was campaigning to lead an alternative government. Fianna Fil would not go into coalition with Fine Gael or Sinn Fin. It would not support the return of Enda Kenny as taoiseach. If it wants to attract the necessary support from Fianna Fil, it would be advisable for Fine Gael to call itself something other than a Fine Gael minority government. Something like a national coalition for change, a national alliance, anything to put a more acceptable face on things for Fianna Fil.

  So, if there isn't a Fine Gael/ Fianna Fil coalition or a formal Tallaght strategy where Fianna Fil supports a Fine Gael minority government on an agreed programme, what kind of government could be in the making? There are hints of this strategy already emerging. Fianna Fil's director of elections, Billy Kelleher, gave an interesting interview to Sen O'Rourke on RT on Monday where he introduced the concept of a programme for parliament, even if it does sound a bit Cromwellian. Later in the day, [Michel Martin] made a statement calling for certain proposals for Dil reform to be agreed before the formation of the next government. The intent of these two Fianna Fil interventions is to restore the primacy of the Dil, to dilute the absolute power of the executive that every Fianna Fil and Fine Gael-led government has refused to do over the last 40 years or more.

  A total of 25 women were elected in 2011, three more than in 2007 and 2002. It is the highest number of women ever elected in the history of the State. And, the number has increased due to byelections in the 31st Dil. Helen McEntee won the byelection following her father, Shane McEntee's, death in Meath East; Ruth Coppinger replaced Patrick McNulty in Dublin West; Nicky McFadden, on her untimely death, was replaced by her sister, Gabrielle, in Longford-Westmeath. The manner in which the parties dealt with the woman quota is also interesting. Different parties did it in different ways, some causing great controversy, as in the unsuccessful challenge to the gender directive imposed by Fianna Fil in the Dublin Central constituency. By and large, the bigger parties went out of their way to try to avoid creating the phenomenon of \"the quota woman\" in this election. When it comes to gender quota or gender directives, it appears that Fianna Fil added five; Fine Gael three; Labour none, and Sinn Fin one in Mayo, according to local reports.