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"Kertcher, Chen"
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FRENEMIES TO ENEMIES: HOW INSTITUTIONALIZING GLOBAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTED TO THE POLITICAL-IDEOLOGICAL RIFT THAT EVOLVED INTO THE COLD WAR
Studies on the Cold War often emphasize its inevitability due to the ideological rift between the United States and the Soviet Union, particularly after 1948. This study analyses primary documents to explore the concept of âfrenemiesâ in the United Nations, focusing on two key issues: international military and global disarmament. Findings reveal the existence of three political-ideological camps by early 1946. The first, led by the United States, was internally divided between globalist and militarized approaches. The second was the communist camp led by the Soviet Union, and the third was the imperialist camp led by the UK and France. Each camp envisioned global security institutions aligned with its ideology. Proposals for international military and disarmament threatened these visions, intensifying tensions. By 1947, discussions in the UN polarized the powers and pushed the UK and France to align with the US, solidifying its dominance over Western security models.
Journal Article
The Global South contestation narratives and the transformation of military humanitarian interventions in the early 1990s
This paper's main contribution is to the agency of the South in support of the transformation of MHIs in the early 1990s. This is in contradiction to current literature on how the norm emerged after the Cold War. The study shows that strategic narratives used in hundreds of deliberations in the UNSC were used by the South as part of a social interaction that encouraged the transformation of humanitarian norms. This approach reveals that the South was able to support the interventions while overcoming contestation over practices and identities. Therefore, the South created a narrative of a preferred web of practices that was generally aligned with the transformation of MHIs.
Journal Article
Silent alliances and shifting tides: unveiling the hidden pathways to resolving interstate rivalries – the UAE-Israel case
Purpose
This study delves into the transformation of UAE-Israel relations, which transitioned from a long-term rivalry to a formal peace agreement in 2020. It aims to uncover the multifaceted elements that influenced both nations’ pursuit of bilateral negotiations, with a special emphasis on the role of unofficial collaboration.
Design/methodology/approach
Employing a case study approach, the research traces the evolution of the UAE-Israel ties, mapping their progression from covert collaborations to public accords. This exploration is set against a backdrop of political, economic, and societal factors that have historically characterized the broader Israel-Arab conflict. Real-world dynamics and theoretical constructs are analyzed in tandem to derive comprehensive insights.
Findings
Key drivers for the transformation of UAE-Israel relations included the threat from Iran, internal disturbances, economic stresses, and the strategic advantages of discreet diplomacy. Exogenous catalysts like the Covid-19 pandemic and Israel's annexation plans in 2019-2020 played pivotal roles, capitalizing on pre-existing covert collaborations and shared regional interests. Constructive strategies, notably inducements, effectively reshaped their adversarial relationship. The resultant U.S.-mediated agreement conferred strategic, security, economic, and diplomatic benefits to both parties. Importantly, the potency of conengagement conflict management strategy, especially when bolstered by exogenous factors and growing mutual interest, emerged as a game-changer in terminating longstanding rivalries.
Originality/value
This study offers a unique perspective on Israel-UAE relations, emphasizing the significance of covert engagements, inducements, and the innovative conengagement strategy in conflict resolution. By examining a relationship devoid of direct armed conflict, the research underscores the interplay of economic, political, and societal factors in reshaping rivalries. This case study serves as a testament to the potential for transformative change in enduring disputes when the right conditions and strategies align, supplementing conventional perspectives and offering valuable implications for policy and mediation initiatives in the Middle East.
Journal Article
Disruptive Media Event in a Divided Society: The Case of October 7 Atrocity Videos in Israel
The use of social media by terrorists for live broadcasts can orchestrate a disruptive media event. The conceptualization of viewing as a ritual reveals its social functions. This study examines the emotional reception of the Jewish majority and Arab-Palestinian minority in Israel to the documented Hamas attack on October 7, 2023. Data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to 432 participants aged 20 to 28. Despite social differences, both groups reported high video consumption, increased fear, and decreased well-being. In addition, Israeli Arabs expressed empathy for the Jewish victims. While the emotional reactions among Israeli Arabs suggest an inclination toward integration and distancing from Palestinianization, for Jews, watching the atrocities invoked Holocaust memories alongside emotions of rage and a desire for revenge. The study demonstrates that media events can occur solely on social media, even in fragmented broadcasts. Without official narratives and traditional media, a ritual process of communitas and the experience of witnessing a historical moment can still emerge. The ceremonial mechanisms of media events and the resulting social cohesion may help explain the public legitimacy of large-scale military operations in Gaza.
Journal Article
Azerbaijan’s dual foreign policy strategy toward Israel: a realist alliance and a neoliberal knowledge-based economy cooperation, 2011–2022
This paper argues that Azerbaijan’s dual foreign policy strategy toward Israel explains the strengthening of ties between the two states from 2011 to 2022. Most writings usually focus on realist explanations for this process, such as the anti-Iran alliance since the beginning of the 2000s. However, this paper argues that this is a necessary but insufficient explanation and suggests that in 2011, Azerbaijan decided to move to a knowledge-based economy, which encouraged the adoption of a neo-liberal foreign policy alongside a realist one. This new national vision, in turn, brought about the adoption of a dual strategic foreign policy. The process of the states’ strengthening ties since 2011 is in correlation with both strategies and cannot be attributed to either factor alone. This study’s innovative use of a qualitative foreign policy analysis and a quantitative knowledge-based economy analysis may illuminate a new perspective on the strengthening of ties between the Muslim states and Israel.
Journal Article
United Nations and peacekeeping, 1988-95
Using more than 600 UN documents that analyse the discussions in the UN Security Council, General Assembly and Secretariat, The United Nations and peacekeeping, 1988-95 presents innovative explanations on how after the Cold War UN peacekeeping operations became the dominant response to conflicts around the globe.
eBook
The United Nations and peacekeeping, 1988–95
Using more than 600 UN documents that analyse the discussions in the UN Security Council, General Assembly and Secretariat, The United Nations and peacekeeping, 1988-95 presents innovative explanations on how after the Cold War UN peacekeeping operations became the dominant response to conflicts around the globe. This study offers a vivid description of these changes through the analysis of the evolution in the concept and practice of United Nations peacekeeping operations from 1988 to 1995. The research is anchored primarily in United Nations documents, which were produced following the diplomatic discussions that took place in the General Assembly, the Security Council and the UN Secretariat on the subject of peacekeeping in general and in the cases of Cambodia, Former Yugoslavia and Somalia in particular. These large and complex operations were the testing ground for the new roles of peacekeeping in democratisation, humanitarian aid, resettlement of refugees, demobilisation of armed forces, economic development and advancement of good government.
eBook
FRENEMIES TO ENEMIES: HOW INSTITUTIONALIZING GLOBAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTED TO THE POLITICALIDEOLOGICAL RIFT THAT EVOLVED INTO THE COLD WAR
Studies on the Cold War often emphasize its inevitability due to the ideological rift between the United States and the Soviet Union, particularly after 1948. This study analyses primary documents to explore the concept of ‘frenemies’ in the United Nations, focusing on two key issues: international military and global disarmament. Findings reveal the existence of three political-ideological camps by early 1946. The first, led by the United States, was internally divided between globalist and militarized approaches. The second was the communist camp led by the Soviet Union, and the third was the imperialist camp led by the UK and France. Each camp envisioned global security institutions aligned with its ideology. Proposals for international military and disarmament threatened these visions, intensifying tensions. By 1947, discussions in the UN polarized the powers and pushed the UK and France to align with the US, solidifying its dominance over Western security models.
Journal Article
