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Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea)
The insect order Psocodea is a diverse lineage comprising both parasitic (Phthiraptera) and nonparasitic members (Psocoptera). The extreme age and ecological diversity of the group may be associated with major genomic changes, such as base compositional biases expected to affect phylogenetic inference. Divergent morphology between parasitic and nonparasitic members has also obscured the origins of parasitism within the order. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis on the order Psocodea utilizing both transcriptome and genome sequencing to obtain a data set of 2370 orthologous genes. All phylogenomic analyses, including both concatenated and coalescent methods suggest a single origin of parasitism within the order Psocodea, resolving conflicting results from previous studies. This phylogeny allows us to propose a stable ordinal level classification scheme that retains significant taxonomic names present in historical scientific literature and reflects the evolution of the group as a whole. A dating analysis, with internal nodes calibrated by fossil evidence, suggests an origin of parasitism that predates the K-Pg boundary. Nucleotide compositional biases are detected in third and first codon positions and result in the anomalous placement of the Amphientometae as sister to Psocomorpha when all nucleotide sites are analyzed. Likelihood-mapping and quartet sampling methods demonstrate that base compositional biases can also have an effect on quartet-based methods.
Journal Article
Immigration law and the U.S.-Mexico border : ¿sí se puede?
\"Americans from radically different political persuasions agree on the need to \"fix\" the \"broken\" US immigration laws to address serious deficiencies and improve border enforcement. In Immigration Law and the US-Mexico Border, Kevin Johnson and Bernard Trujillo focus on what for many is at the core of the entire immigration debate in modern America: immigration from Mexico. In clear, reasonable prose, Johnson and Trujillo explore the long history of discrimination against US citizens of Mexican ancestry in the United States and the current movement against \"illegal aliens\"--persons depicted as not deserving fair treatment by US law. The authors argue that the United States has a special relationship with Mexico by virtue of sharing a 2,000-mile border and a \"land-grab of epic proportions\" when the United States \"acquired\" nearly two-thirds of Mexican territory between 1836 and 1853. The authors explain US immigration law and policy in its many aspects--including the migration of labor, the place of state and local regulation over immigration, and the contributions of Mexican immigrants to the US economy. Their objective is to help thinking citizens on both sides of the border to sort through an issue with a long, emotional history that will undoubtedly continue to inflame politics until cooler, and better-informed, heads can prevail. The authors conclude by outlining possibilities for the future, sketching a possible movement to promote social justice. Great for use by students of immigration law, border studies, and Latino studies, this book will also be of interest to anyone wondering about the general state of immigration law as it pertains to our most troublesome border\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Precision Medicine, AI, and the Future of Personalized Health Care
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and precision medicine promises to revolutionize health care. Precision medicine methods identify phenotypes of patients with less‐common responses to treatment or unique healthcare needs. AI leverages sophisticated computation and inference to generate insights, enables the system to reason and learn, and empowers clinician decision making through augmented intelligence. Recent literature suggests that translational research exploring this convergence will help solve the most difficult challenges facing precision medicine, especially those in which nongenomic and genomic determinants, combined with information from patient symptoms, clinical history, and lifestyles, will facilitate personalized diagnosis and prognostication.
Journal Article
Enhancement of cerebrovascular 4D flow MRI velocity fields using machine learning and computational fluid dynamics simulation data
Blood flow metrics obtained with four-dimensional (4D) flow phase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be of great value in clinical and experimental cerebrovascular analysis. However, limitations in both quantitative and qualitative analyses can result from errors inherent to PC MRI. One method that excels in creating low-error, physics-based, velocity fields is computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Augmentation of cerebral 4D flow MRI data with CFD-informed neural networks may provide a method to produce highly accurate physiological flow fields. In this preliminary study, the potential utility of such a method was demonstrated by using high resolution patient-specific CFD data to train a convolutional neural network, and then using the trained network to enhance MRI-derived velocity fields in cerebral blood vessel data sets. Through testing on simulated images, phantom data, and cerebrovascular 4D flow data from 20 patients, the trained network successfully de-noised flow images, decreased velocity error, and enhanced near-vessel-wall velocity quantification and visualization. Such image enhancement can improve experimental and clinical qualitative and quantitative cerebrovascular PC MRI analysis.
Journal Article
Photobiomodulation therapy increases neural stem cell pool in aged 3xTg-AD mice
Presently approved Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) therapeutics are designed for targeted removal of the AD-related toxic protein aggregate amyloid-β (Aβ) and have only shown moderate efficacy at slowing disease progression. Reversal of cognitive decline requires both removal of toxic aggregates and repair of the cellular systems damaged by decades of exposure to these aggregates. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is one such system that is known to be affected early and severely in the development of AD. Moreover, preserved AHN is associated with cognitive resilience to AD neuropathology. Therefore, targeted therapies to improve or enhance neurogenesis should be considered in addition to the removal of toxic protein aggregates. Photobiomodulation (PBM) using 670 nm LED light has been shown to induce synaptic resilience to and removal of AD-related toxic protein aggregates. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of PBM on a mouse model of advanced AD neuropathology. Transgenic 3xTg-AD mice (15- to 17-month old) were randomized to receive PBM or SHAM therapy for one month, followed by neuropathological assessments. Our results show that one month of PBM therapy reduces hyperphosphorylated tau burden and partially rescues AHN in aged 3xTg-AD mice as compared to SHAM-treated transgenic mice. These data support the notion that PBM has the potential to be an effective non-invasive therapy to help preserve AHN and reduce cognitive dysfunction in moderate to advanced AD.
Journal Article
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Volume 18, Trial of Krang
\"The Turtles transport to the bizarre and dangerous Dimension X to put an end to the terror of Krang once and for all!\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Phytoplankton and benthic infauna responses to aeration, an experimental ecological remediation, in a polluted subtropical estuary with organic-rich sediments
Fine-grained organic-rich sediments (FGORS) are accumulating in estuaries worldwide, with multi-faceted negative ecosystem impacts. A pilot experiment was carried out in a residential canal of the Indian River Lagoon estuary (IRL, Florida, USA) using an aeration treatment intended to mitigate the harmful ecological effects of organic-rich sediment pollution. Planktonic and benthic communities were monitored, and environmental data collected throughout the aeration process. Results were compared against control conditions to evaluate the efficacy of aeration in the mitigation of FGORS. During the aeration process, hurricane Irma impacted the study area, bringing heavy rainfall and spawning a brown tide event ( Aureoumbra lagunensis ). The overall thickness and volume of FGORS, and the organic content of surface sediments did not change during the aeration treatment. Dissolved oxygen was higher and ammonium concentrations were lower in aeration canal bottom water compared to the control canal. During treatment, aeration did facilitate benthic animal life when temperatures dropped below 25°C, likely due to water column mixing and the increased capacity of water to hold dissolved gasses. In general, aeration did not significantly change the planktonic community composition relative to the control canal, but, during the post-bloom period, aeration helped to weaken the brown tide and phytoplankton densities were 35–50% lower for A . lagunensis in aeration canal surface water compared to the control canal. Aeration has important management applications and may be useful for mitigating algal blooms in flow-restricted areas and promoting benthic communities in cooler environments.
Journal Article