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PurposeThis study aims to examine how four dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI) influence organizational commitment and job performance among employees, particularly in pharmaceutical industry.Design/methodology/approachA total of 235 participants are involved from the pharmaceutical companies in Punjab, Pakistan. SPSS for Windows is used for initial statistical analysis. Partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM) is the primary statistical method used to analyze the path model. Smart PLS v2.0 software is used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical findings approve the significance of employee’s and their contribution in employee’s job performance and argue to control them in such a way that increases their performance. The employees’ perception and evaluation of their emotions have a potential to bring a positive variation in their eventual performance. Likewise, awareness with the emotions of supervisors, colleagues and subordinates and aptitude to deal with them will lend a hand to create a progressive working environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe self-report measures are used in data collection. Other techniques such as interview and focus group discussion should be adopted in the future studies. Another deficiency is the cross-sectional design of the study, which is recommended to test the same model in longitudinal design that would span over one to two years.Practical implicationsThis study empirically examines the significance to considerate employee’s emotions and to control them in such a way that increases their performance. Results of the study indicate that pharmacists working in multinational corporations are successfully controlling their emotions and observing other emotions; hence, they are committed and satisfied with their job.Originality/valueEI is one of the most important concepts introduced to psychology and management in the past decade. This study aims to examine how four dimensions of EI influence organizational commitment and job performance among employees, particularly in pharmaceutical industry.

Purpose This study aims to find out how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are perceived by pharmacists and how it influences employees' organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and role of perceived supervisor support in the study. Design/methodology/approach Pharmacists of different hierarchical levels from five multinational pharmaceutical industries in Pakistan were selected as study samples. Data were collected from 136 pharmacists working in Punjab Region. PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The results from this study found that CSR was a predictor of affective organizational commitment (AOC) and OCB. AOC fully mediates the relationship between CSR and OCB. While perceived supervisory support did not moderate the relationship between AOC and OCB. Pharmaceutical firms can promote commitment toward organization and OCBs by initiating CSR activities. Research limitations/implications This research is one of the innovative studies that empirically examine the predicting role of CSR and moderating role of perceived supervisory support on employees' attitude and behaviors in the pharmaceutical companies' context. Moreover, this research will also help the management by adopting CSR activities as core element in shaping employees attitudes and behaviors. Originality/value It is a significant study shifting the focus of research into organizational behavior context and further influences employee's attitudes and behavior because of perceived CSR in the pharmacy industry.

This study aims to examine the relationship between perceived usefulness (PU), perceived risk (PR) and online purchase intention (OPI). Furthermore, this study has endeavoured to elucidate the mediating role of pre-purchase searching (PS) between perceived risk (PR) and perceived usefulness (PU) and online purchase intention. This research is a correlational study conducted among students of Universiti Sains Malaysia to examine the purchase intention for online shopping. The variables are neither controlled nor manipulated. Data would be collected from the students in Universiti Sains Malaysia who are online purchase consumers. The results have supported the hypothesized direct and mediated relationship. The present study encompasses the body of knowledge through testing the Theory of Perceived Risk (TPR) and postulates empirical evidence on the hypothesized relationship. Moreover, this research study has contributed to the prevailing theory by assessing pre-purchase intention mediating by using partial least square structural modelling (PLS-SEM).

Information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as a catalyst for development across the globe. Although ICT has been determined as a tool to enhance academic performance in the past, recent studies discuss the negative consequences of ICT addiction among students. ICT addiction has subsequently led to a new dilemma: whether or not to allow students to access ICT. This study attempts to identify the mediating factor(s) between the use of ICT and learning performance of students. In this research, data has been collected from a sample of 336 students studying business management at different universities in Bangladesh. The study applied the partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) tools to identify the factors that influence learning performance. The statistical results confirm that academic self-efficacy strengthens the relationship between the use of the Internet and learning performance. The outcome also identifies that professional Internet use is a stronger predictor of learning performance than general Internet use. These findings are useful for educators, policymakers, parents, and practitioners to enhance students' learning performance in Bangladeshi universities. The paper concludes by suggesting avenues for future research.

The main purpose this study is to propose a conceptual framework between constructs of organizational justice and trust in management in Pakistan. On the other hand the purpose of this paper is to to develop a conceptual frame work showing procedural Justice, distributive justice, interpersonal justice and informational justice as a predictor of trust in management. The literature of trust in management, organizational justice and the related theories are backing as starting-point for constructing the conceptual model for this study. Based on the prior literature all the variables and dimensions are discussed in depth. This study also attempts to reduce the gap in the literature of trust in management and organizational justice. It is anticipated that this study expands the scope of trust in management and organizational justice in the field of research and also it gives insight to researchers and the managers, how to gain the trust of the employees.

Experiments with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphite as targets in a source of negative ions with cesium sputtering have shown that nanotubes with nanometer radii and micrometer length can be compared with micrometer size graphite grains to understand the irradiation effects that include the formation, sputtering of carbon clusters and the resulting structural changes. The simultaneous adsorption of cesium on the surface and bombardment by energetic cesium ions is shown to play its role in the cluster formation and sputtering of carbon atoms and clusters and the cesium substituted carbon clusters as anions. Qualitative and quantitative sputtered species outputs are related to their respective structures. Structural changes are shown to occur in MWCNTs and seen in SEM micrographs. The individual identity of the heavily bombarded MWCNTs may have given way to the merged structures while effects on the structure of heavily irradiated graphite grains size needs to be further investigated

AimsLow-grade oncocytic tumour (LOT) has recently been introduced as a potential distinct entity.MethodsAt the Indiana University department of pathology, primary renal epithelial neoplasms between 2005 and 2020 were searched after appropriate institutional review board permissions.ResultsTwenty-three cases (male/female ratio 14/9) with a median age of 66 (23–84 years) were identified. The majority of patients underwent partial nephrectomy (15/23, 65%), with a median tumour size of 4.0 cm (2.2–10.5 cm). Only one case had infiltration beyond the kidney (perinephric fat). Solid/diffuse proliferation of tightly packed oncocytic tumour cells and occasional tubule formations, with an abrupt edematous change in the stroma with loosely connected small clusters of tumour cells. Along with diffuse CK7 expression with lack of CD117 in all cases, vimentin was positive in 8/23 cases (35%, 5 focal). CD10 was expressed in 6/13 (46%, 4 focal). Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) was positive in 5/8 (63%) cases. Focal but intense cytoplasmic colloidal iron stain was present in 3/20 (15%) cases. Luminal or cytoplasmic/perinuclear precipitation was observed in 8/20 (40%) cases. Succinate Dehydrogenase B (SDHB) was performed in 6 cases, with all retained expression.ConclusionsLOT is a clinically indolent and potentially benign entity with distinguishable morphology and immunohistochemical profile that can be performed and be easily interpreted in most of surgical pathology settings. Additional studies with larger cohorts, comprehensive molecular evaluation and longer follow-up are needed to definitively recognise these tumours as a separate entity and to further address the possibility of active surveillance options in eligible patients.

Rare genetic disorders (RDs), characterized by their low prevalence and diagnostic complexities, present significant challenges to healthcare systems. This article explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in addressing these challenges. It emphasizes the need for accurate and early diagnosis of RDs, often hindered by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. This article discusses how AI and ML are reshaping healthcare, providing examples of their effectiveness in disease diagnosis, prognosis, image analysis, and drug repurposing. It highlights AI's ability to efficiently analyze extensive datasets and expedite diagnosis, showcasing case studies like Face2Gene. Furthermore, the article explores how AI tailors treatment plans for RDs, leveraging ML and deep learning (DL) to create personalized therapeutic regimens. It emphasizes AI's role in drug discovery, including the identification of potential candidates for rare disease treatments. Challenges and limitations related to AI in healthcare, including ethical, legal, technical, and human aspects, are addressed. This article underscores the importance of data ethics, privacy, and algorithmic fairness, as well as the need for standardized evaluation techniques and transparency in AI research. It highlights second-generation AI systems that prioritize patient-centric care, efficient patient recruitment for clinical trials, and the significance of high-quality data. The integration of AI with telemedicine, the growth of health databases, and the potential for personalized therapeutic recommendations are identified as promising directions for the field. In summary, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of how AI and ML are revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of RDs, addressing challenges while considering ethical implications in this rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.

We evaluated the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of mostly incidentally detected, small, papillary renal neoplasms with reverse polarity (PRNRP). The cohort comprised 50 PRNRP from 46 patients, divided into 2 groups. The clinically undetected (<5 mm) neoplasms (n = 34; 68%) had a median size of 1.1 mm (range 0.2–4.3 mm; mean 1.4 mm), and the clinically detected (≥5 mm) neoplasms (n = 16; 32%) which had a median size of 13 mm (range 9–30 mm; mean 16 mm). Neoplasms were positive for GATA3 (n = 47; 100%) and L1CAM (n = 34/38; 89%) and were negative for vimentin (n = 0/44; 0%) and, to a lesser extent, AMACR [(n = 12/46; 26%; weak = 9, weak/moderate = 3)]. KRAS mutations were found in 44% (n = 15/34) of the clinically undetected PRNRP and 88% of the clinically detected PRNRP (n = 14/16). The two clinically detected PRNRP with wild-type KRAS gene were markedly cystic and contained microscopic intracystic tumors. In the clinically undetected PRNRP, the detected KRAS mutations rate was higher in those measuring ≥1 mm vs <1 mm [n = 14/19 (74%) vs n = 1/15 (7%)]. Overall, the KRAS mutations were present in exon 2—codon 12: c.35 G > T (n = 21), c.34 G > T (n = 3), c.35 G > A (n = 2), c.34 G > C (n = 2) resulting in p.Gly12Val, p. Gly12Asp, p.Gly12Cys and p.Gly12Arg, respectively. One PRNRP had a G12A/V/D complex mutation. Twenty-six PRNRP were concurrently present with other tumors of different histologic subtypes in the ipsilateral kidney; molecular testing of 8 of the latter showed wild-type KRAS gene despite the presence of KRAS mutations in 5 concurrent PRNRP. On follow up, no adverse pathologic events were seen (range 1–160 months; mean 44 months). In conclusion, the presence of KRAS mutations in small, clinically undetected PRNRP provides a unique finding to this entity and supports its being an early event in the development of these neoplasms.