Explore the vast range of titles available.

Hyperglycaemia triggers increased production of methylglyoxal which can cause gross modification in proteins' structure vis-a-vis function though advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The AGEs may initiate vascular and nonvascular pathologies. In this study, we have examined the biochemical and biophysical changes in human IgG under normal and high glucose after introducing methylglyoxal into the assay mixture. This non-enzymatic reaction mainly engaged lysine residues as indicated by TNBS results. The UV results showed hyperchromicity in modified-IgG samples while fluorescence data supported AGEs formation during the course of reaction. Shift in amide I and amide II band position indicated perturbations in secondary structure. Increase carbonyl content and decrease in sulfhydryl suggests that the modification is accompanied by oxidative stress. All modified-IgG samples showed more thermostability than native IgG; the highest Tm was shown by IgG-high glucose-MGO variant. Results of ANS, Congo red and Thioflavin T dyes clearly suggest increase in hydrophobic patches and aggregation, respectively. SEM and TEM images support aggregates generation in modified-IgG samples.

Optimizing the catalyst-electrolyte interface structure is crucial for enhancing the performance of electrochemical alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. Traditional approaches typically focus on regulating the thermodynamic barriers of adsorption and desorption for reactants, intermediates, and ions at active sites on the solid electrode surface. However, the structure of the electrical double layer influences the concentration of intermediates, adsorption energy, and surface reaction kinetics. Here, we dynamically construct a dense epitaxial hydroxide layer on nickel molybdate, forming an effective protective barrier to prevent molybdenum leaching and enhance material stability. This optimization enhances local electric field increasing the concentration of hydrated potassium ions within the outer Helmholtz plane. As a result, the interfacial hydrogen-bond network improves, water availability on the catalyst surface increases, and reaction kinetics accelerate. The optimized material operates stably for 1400 h at a current density of 0.45 A cm −2 in an industrial alkaline electrolyzer. Our dual-optimization strategy of dynamically constructing an epitaxial catalytic layer offers valuable insights for developing stable, high-current-density electrocatalytic materials. Alkaline hydrogen production needs stable catalysts, but the electrical double layer is overlooked. Here, the authors report a dense epitaxial hydroxide layer that strengthens the double layer, prevents catalyst leaching, and enhances material stability for 1,400 h in an industrial electrolyzer.

The conversion of solar to chemical energy is one of the central processes considered in the emerging renewable energy economy. Hydrogen production from water splitting over particulate semiconductor catalysts has often been proposed as a simple and a cost-effective method for large-scale production. In this review, we summarize the basic concepts of the overall water splitting (in the absence of sacrificial agents) using particulate photocatalysts, with a focus on their synthetic methods and the role of the so-called “co-catalysts”. Then, a focus is then given on improving light absorption in which the Z-scheme concept and the overall system efficiency are discussed. A section on reactor design and cost of the overall technology is given, where the possibility of the different technologies to be deployed at a commercial scale and the considerable challenges ahead are discussed. To date, the highest reported efficiency of any of these systems is at least one order of magnitude lower than that deserving consideration for practical applications.

Abstract A hybrid heterojunction-based photocatalyst is synthesized by an electrostatic self-assembly strategy including surface modification and controlled metal deposition. The interfacial contact was made by mixing negatively charged anatase TiO2 nanoparticles with positively charged g-C3N4. Visible-light deposition of Pd nanoparticles largely on TiO2 was made possible due to the charge transfer from C3N4 (excited by visible light) to the conduction band of TiO2 reducing Pd ions on contact with its surface. In order to further test the efficiency of this cascade of electron transfer across the conduction bands of the two semiconductors, photocatalytic H2 production from water was studied. Upon optimizing the ratio of the two semiconductors, increased H2 production rates were observed and attributed to enhanced charge separation. Catalysts were studied by a variety of techniques in order to probe into their properties and link them to activity. The reaction rate, under visible-light excitation, of the best sample showed an 8-fold enhancement when compared to that of Pd-C3N4 in identical conditions and the highest apparent quantum yield of 31% was achieved by a 0.1%Pd/20%TiO2/C3N4 sample in a 420- to 443-nm range.

Eucalyptus globulus is an aromatic medicinal plant which known for its 1,8-cineole main pharmacological constituent exhibits as natural analgesic agent. Eucalyptus globulus -loaded micellar nanoparticle was developed via spontaneous emulsification technique and further evaluation for its analgesic efficacy study, in vivo analgesic activity assay in rats. The nanoemulsion system containing Eucalyptus -micelles was optimized at different surfactant types (Tween 40, 60 and 80) and concentrations (3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, 15.0, and 18.0 wt. %). These formulations were characterized by thermodynamically stability, viscosity, micelles particle size, pH, and morphology structure. The spontaneous emulsification technique offered a greener micelles formation in nanoemulsion system by slowly titrated of organic phase, containing Eucalyptus globulus (active compound), grape seed oil (carrier oil) and hydrophilic surfactant into aqueous phase, and continuously stirred for 30 min to form a homogeneity solution. The characterizations evaluation revealed an optimized formulation with Tween 40 surfactant type at 9.0 wt. % of surfactant concentration promoted the most thermodynamic stability, smaller micelles particle size (d = 17.13 ± 0.035 nm) formed with spherical shape morphological structure, and suitable in viscosity (≈2.3 cP) and pH value (6.57) for transdermal purpose. The in vivo analgesic activity assay of optimized emulsion showed that the transdermal administration of micellar nanoparticle of Eucalyptus globulus on fore and hind limb of rats, possessed the central and peripheral analgesic effects by prolonged the rats pain responses towards the heat stimulus after being put on top of hot plate (55 °C), with longest time responses, 40.75 s at 60 min after treatment administration. Thus, this study demonstrated that micellar nanoparticle of Eucalyptus globulus formed in nanoemulsion system could be promising as an efficient transdermal nanocarrier for the analgesic therapy alternative.

Herbs and spices have been used since antiquity for their nutritional and health properties, as well as in traditional remedies for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, this study aims to perform a chemical analysis of both essential oils (EOs) from the seeds of Carum carvi (C. carvi) and Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities alone and in combination. Results showed that the EOs mainly constitute monoterpenes with γ-terpinene (31.03%), β-pinene (18.77%), p-cymene (17.16%), and carvone (12.20%) being the major components present in C. carvi EO and linalool (76.41%), γ-terpinene (5.35%), and α-pinene (4.44%) in C. sativum EO. In comparison to standards, statistical analysis revealed that C. carvi EO showed high and significantly different (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than C. sativum EO, but lower than the mixture. Moreover, the mixture exhibited two-times greater ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (IC50 = 11.33 ± 1.53 mg/mL) and equipotent chelating power (IC50 = 31.33 ± 0.47 mg/mL) than the corresponding references, and also potent activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 = 19.00 ± 1.00 mg/mL), β-carotene (IC50 = 11.16 ± 0.84 mg/mL), and superoxide anion (IC50 = 10.33 ± 0.58 mg/mL) assays. Antimicrobial data revealed that single and mixture EOs were active against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms, and the mixture had the ability to kill more bacterial strains than each EO alone. Additionally, the anti-acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect have been studied for the first time, highlighting the high inhibition effect of AChE by C. carvi (IC50 = 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL), and especially by C. sativum (IC50 = 0.68 ± 0.03 mg/mL), as well as the mixture (IC50 = 0.63 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared to the reference drug, which are insignificantly different (p > 0.05). A high and equipotent antidiabetic activity was observed for the mixture (IC50 = 0.75 ± 0.15 mg/mL) when compared to the standard drug, acarbose, which is about nine times higher than each EO alone. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic analysis provides some useful insights into designing new drugs with favorable drug likeness and safety profiles based on a C. carvi and C. sativum EO mixture. In summary, the results of this study revealed that the combination of these EOs may be recommended for further food, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical applications, and can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several diseases.

Eruca sativa Mill. (E. sativa) leaves recently grabbed the attention of scientific communities around the world due to its potent bioactivity. Therefore, the present study investigates the metabolite profiling of the ethanolic crude extract of E. sativa leaves using high resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LC/MS), including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer potential against human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. In addition, computer-aided analysis was performed for determining the pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity prediction of the identified compounds. Our results show that E. sativa contains several bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay of E. sativa extract showed inhibitory effects of the tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were found to be IC50 = 66.16 μg/mL and 76.05 μg/mL, respectively. E. sativa also showed promising anticancer activity against both the colorectal cancer cells HCT-116 (IC50 = 64.91 μg/mL) and Caco-2 (IC50 = 83.98 μg/mL) in a dose/time dependent manner. The phytoconstituents identified showed promising pharmacokinetics properties, representing a valuable source for drug or nutraceutical development. These investigations will lead to the further exploration as well as development of E. sativa-based nutraceutical products.

The extraction of bioactive compounds from natural food sources through non-conventional novel methods is gaining popularity due to their numerous advantages over conventional methods. In this review article, various extraction methods such as conventional and non-conventional novel methods were discussed with emphasis on green extraction methods. The use of hybrid extraction techniques has an effective and novel method of extraction. The bioactive compounds extracted by such novel techniques have great potential in functional food market, as they are considered as safer. Additionally, with an increasing interest of consumers toward food product, these novel greener technologies would be safer since it has less chemical interference. The outcome of this review will give an idea for appropriate extraction process with better efficiency and eco-friendly, which could be beneficial for extraction industry. Further research is required to validate these green extraction techniques in terms of their safety, consumer acceptability, challenges, and legal feasibility.

The glutamate-gated ion channels known as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are important for both normal and pathological brain function. Subunit-selective antagonists have high therapeutic promise since many pathological conditions involve NMDAR over activation, although few clinical successes have been reported. Allosteric inhibitors of GluN2B-containing receptors are among the most potential NMDAR targeting drugs. Since the discovery of ifenprodil, a variety of GluN2B-selective compounds have been discovered, each with remarkably unique structural motifs. These results expand the allosteric and pharmacolog-ical spectrum of NMDARs and provide a new structural basis for the development of next-generation GluN2B antagonists that have therapeutic potential in brain diseases. Small molecule therapeutic inhibitors targeting NMDA have recently been developed to target CNS disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In the current study, a cheminformatics method was used to discover potential antagonists and to identify the structural requirements for Gly/NMDA antagonism. In this case we have created a useful pharmacophore model with solid statistical values. Through pharmacophore mapping, the verified model was used to filter out virtual matches from the ZINC database. Assessing receptor-ligand binding mechanisms and affinities used molecular docking. To find the best hits, the GlideScore and the interaction of molecules with important amino acids were considered essential features. We found some molecular inhibitors, namely, ZINC13729211, ZINC07430424, ZINC08614951, ZINC60927204, ZINC12447511, and ZINC18889258 with high binding affinity using computational methods. The molecules in our studies showed characteristics such as good stability, hydrogen bonding and higher binding affinities in the solvation-based assessment method than ifenprodil with acceptable ADMET profile. Moreover, these six leads have been proposed as potential new perspectives for exploring potent Gly/NMDA receptor antagonists. In addition, it can be tested in the laboratory for potential therapeutic strategies for both in vitro and in vivo research.

Sunset Yellow (SY) is a widely used synthetic azo dye in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, but its excessive release poses serious health and environmental risks. In this study, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP)-based electrochemical sensor was developed for the selective detection of SY using 1-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed irregular particle morphologies with an average diameter of approximately 69 nm, attributed to surface cavities formed during the imprinting process. Batch sorption experiments confirmed the high specificity of the MMIPs, with a maximum sorption capacity of 80 mg g − 1 under optimal conditions (pH 2, sorbent dosage 2 mg, contact time 18 min). Sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, and adsorption behavior was best described by the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for SY detection. The sensor performed optimally at pH 7, an accumulation time of 60 s, and a concentration of 1.5 × 10⁻³ M, with recovery values of 72.9–99.3% in real water and beverage samples, highlighting its practical applicability for environmental and food analysis. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 5.82 × 10 − 5 M and 1.76 × 10 − 4 M, respectively. These results confirm the effectiveness of MMIP-based platforms for rapid, accurate, and selective monitoring of synthetic dyes in complex matrices.