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High-energy heavy-ion collision experiments provide the unique possibility to create and investigate extreme states of strongly-interacted matter and address the fundamental aspects of QCD. The experimental investigation the QCD phase diagram would be a major breakthrough in our understanding of the properties of nuclear matter. The reconstruction of the charged particles created in the nuclear collisions, including the determination of their momenta, is the central detection task in high-energy heavy-ion experiments. It is taken up by the Silicon Tracking System in CBM@FAIR and by Inner Tracker in MPD@NICA currently under development. These experiments requires very fast and radiation hard detectors, a novel data read-out and analysis concept including free streaming front-end electronics. Thermal and beam tests of prototype detector modules for these tracking systems showed the stability of sensors and readout electronics operation.

The analysis showed the following tendencies of development and energy efficiency of designs of gearboxes for track machines: provision of a maximum level of efficiency, removal of rupture of a stream of the passed capacity, provision of a high level of reliability, decrease of power input on gearbox work, provision of convenience, simplicity of service and steering, engine braking maintenance, and also maintenance of a relatively low cost. The above-mentioned tasks are performed by including clutch pinion gears with the built in frictional amplifier elements in an automatic gearbox, and also during the effect of dynamic anisotropy of frictional bonds. Besides a torque transfer, the clutch gear carries out a safety clutch function. That means that there is sliding at a high rotational power. Factor of strengthening of the given link is К str → ∞ due to occurence of dynamic anisotropy of frictional bonds. Physical and mechanical characteristics of contacting surfaces are formed in the course of dynamic interaction of roughnesses in friction units at modes of dry and boundary friction. Essential-nonlinear friction processes, interconnected with dynamic processes on the contact area, define values of target characteristics of frictional system. They can fluctuate in a very wide range. The friction factor f mp for the same friction units at preservation of constant conditions and friction parameters can vary from zero to infinity that is an essence of dynamic anisotropy of frictional bonds.

For construction of portable aluminium-air batteries (AABs) for field applications the data on performance of such batteries at low temperatures are necessary. Such experimental data are presented in this article. Lower temperature limit for effective operation of portable AABs is estimated. Possibility of AABs self-heating to the desired temperature is also considered.

Almost all hitherto proposed empirical models used for characterization of shear viscosity of non-Newtonian liquids describe only its monotonous course. However, the onset of new materials is accompanied by more complicated characteristics of their behaviour including nonmonotonous course of shear viscosity. This feature is reflected not only in an existence of one extreme point (maximum or minimum), but also it can appear in both extreme points; that is, this shear viscosity initially exhibits shear thinning; after attaining a local minimum, it converts to shear thickening, and again after reaching a local maximum, it has a shear-thinning character. It is clear that, for an empirical description of this complex behaviour, a hitherto, used number of parameters (four, five) in classical monotonous models (such as Cross or Carreau-Yasuda) are no longer tenable. If more parameters are applied, there should be given an emphasis on a relatively simple algebraic form of the proposed models, unambiguity of the involved parameters, and their sound interpretation in the whole modelling. This contribution provides an overview of the existing empirical nonmonotonous models and proposes a new 10-parameter model including a demonstration of its flexibility using various experimental data.