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Optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) is a rare complication of optic disc pit which can cause irreversible visual impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes and pattern of resolution of ODP-M following vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induction and scleral tissue plug for treatment of ODP-M without ILM peeling, laser or use of long term gas/tamponade or head positioning. This retrospective study included 7 patients with ODP-M, meeting the inclusion criteria. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Complete anatomical success was defined as “Total resolution of all the fluid in retinal compartments”. All of the patients had complete resolution of the optic pit maculopathy following surgery. The mean duration for complete resolution was 18.3 weeks. Pattern of resolution of ODP-M was found to be resolution of the subretinal fluid (SRF) followed by disappearance of the retinoschitic lesions (RL) and finally disappearance of macular edema (ME). The proposed minimally invasive procedure (MIP) can produce comparably good and equally reliable results for the treatment of ODP-M.

Open-globe injuries (OGI) can lead to significant visual impairment. The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) is the most widely recognized tool for predicting visual outcomes. This review aimed to identify prognostic factors and assess the effectiveness of the OTS in predicting visual outcomes. Twenty-one articles published on PubMed and Google Scholar were analyzed. Initial visual acuity and the zone of injury were found to be the most significant prognostic factors for OGI. Other significant prognostic factors include retinal detachment/involvement, relative afferent pupillary defect, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous prolapse, type of injury, hyphema, lens involvement, and duration from incidence of OGI to vitrectomy. Of the 21 studies evaluated, 11 investigated the effectiveness of OTS. Four studies concluded that OTS was effective overall, while six studies suggested that it was only useful in certain OGI categories. Thus, there is a need for further research to develop an optimized ocular trauma prognosticating system.

Abstract Purpose To introduce a novel tool to investigate the correlation between concomitant injuries and primary open globe injury (OGI) in the setting of ophthalmic trauma, the “Ophthalmic Trauma Correlation Matrix” (OTCM).MethodsRetrospective cohort review, performed at a tertiary referral eye care center in Eastern Nepal, involving all eyes with OGI meeting the inclusion criteria from 2015–2018. Clinical data including details of primary injury, concurrent injuries, and clinical course were noted from hospital medical records. A correlation matrix chart was devised using matrix correlation and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. This chart was then used to evaluate the association of the various injuries in the setting of OGI.ResultsA total of 109 eyes with OGI were included. Majority of the eyes (78, 71.6%) had zone I injuries, while most of the eyes (66, 60.6%) had penetrating injury. The most frequent concomitant injuries in all zones of OGI were traumatic lens injury (77, 70.64%), followed by hyphema (48, 44.03%), and vitreous hemorrhage (35, 32.11%). The most common concomitant injury associated with zone I was hyphema (0.873), while traumatic subluxation/cataract (0.894) and vitreous hemorrhage (0.972) were commonly associated with zone II and III, respectively.ConclusionsOTCM could be a useful tool to manage injuries related to the primary ocular injury. This additional information will aid in the prognostication, planning, and management of OGI and potentially prevent repeat surgeries and inadequate treatments.

PurposeTo detail the methodology for a novel ocular trauma registry and utilize the registry to determine the demographics, nature of injury, and associations of severe visual loss for open globe injuries (OGI).MethodsThirteen hospitals in 7 countries used International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES) platform. Patients presenting between April 2009 and 2020 with OGI (with or without) adnexal involvement or intraocular foreign body (IOFB) were included.ResultsAnalyses of presenting and final VA, using “severe vision loss” (VA ≤ 6/60) and “no severe loss” (VA > 6/60), were performed. Four hundred fifty-four (64%) patients had VA < 6/60 at presentation and 327 (44.8%) at final follow-up, with a highly significant association between presenting and final VA (p < 0.0001). From the cohort of 746 patients, 37 were missing VA at presentation and 16 at follow-up and complete clinical data was available for 354 patients. The male to female ratio is 6:1, and mean age 36.0 ± 20.0 years old. Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), zone III injury, IOFB, and eyelid injury at presentation were recorded in 50 (6.7%), 55 (7.8%), 97 (13%), and 87 (11.7%) patients, respectively, and were significantly associated with VA < 6/60 at follow-up. Older age, ≥ 61 years, was associated with 3.39 times (95% CI: 1.95–5.89) higher risk than ≤20-year-old patients (p < 0.0001) and males 0.424 times (95% CI: 0.27–0.70) lower risk than female (p = 0.0001) of severe vision loss (SVL).ConclusionIn OGIs from 13 hospitals, female gender, older age, zone III injury, eyelid injury, and IOFB were associated with higher risk of visual outcome of SVL.

Background Uveal effusion syndrome is a rare entity of idiopathic exudative detachments of uveal tissues and retina. Medical treatments with systemic steroids and antimetabolites have been tried but with variable results. Scleral windows or vortex decompressions are usually performed and surgeons usually perform partial sclerectomy in all the quadrants. Case presentation For the first time, we report 2 cases of nanophthalmic uveal effusion syndrome managed with our technique. Conclusion Quadrantic vortex vein decompression with external drainage for nanophthalmic uveal effusion can provide immediate and stable gain in vision.

Background Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus species, is a parasitic infection that rarely affects the eye. However, reports of ocular lesions associated with systemic hydatid disease, in the absence of hydatid cysts in the eye, are scarce. Case presentation A 22-year-old male presented with blurred vision for one month. He had a 7-year history of systemic hydatid disease and had been undergoing long-term albendazole treatment. Retinal examination revealed two choroidal elevations near the nasal ora serrata in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography confirmed the presence of bilateral retinal vasculitis. To address the choroidal elevations, a transscleral choroidal approach was performed, followed by pars plana vitrectomy. Notably, no hydatid cysts were found during the surgery. Instead, a dark green lesion was observed beneath the retina and within the choroidal tissue. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimens confirmed the absence of hydatid cysts in both the vitreous and the dark green lesion. Additionally, next-generation sequencing of samples from the vitreous and dark green lesion yielded negative results for Echinococcus DNA. The diagnosis of bilateral retinal vasculitis, alongside systemic hydatid disease was confirmed. After surgery and subsequent steroid therapy, the patient’s ocular inflammation and choroidal lesions showed significant improvement. Conclusions The ocular manifestations of systemic hydatid disease are not solely due to the presence of intraocular hydatid cysts; they can also include ocular inflammation in the absence of cysts, as seen in this case. Surgical resection of the large choroidal lesion, combined with steroid treatment, significantly improved the patient’s ocular condition.

This is the studyto investigate the correlation between macular cone density (MCD) and flicker electroretinogram (ERG) response in healthy eyes. In this exploratory study, 23 eyes from 12 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The fixed-luminance flicker full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) responses of the retina and MCDs at 24 locations were measured using the Diopsys® NOVA™ system and the rtx1 adaptive optics retinal camera, respectively. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the correlations. The mean age of the subjects was 30 ± 3 years. The average magnitudes of the flicker response and phase response were 13.44 ± 4.88 μV and 332.63 ± 22.12°, respectively. The MCDs for all 24 locations were 15,043 ± 3511 cones/mm². Among all locations, regression analysis revealed a significant correlation only at one specific location (0, −4°) between cone density and both the mean magnitude and phase of the flicker response, with p-values of 0.005 and 0.004, respectively.In conclusion, we identified a significant correlation between MCD and ffERG responses at a specific retinal locus (0, −4°). This finding may be attributed to the distribution of different cone types throughout the retina and the possibility that various cone types may contribute differently to ERG. Further studies are required to investigate this finding.

Ophthalmic trauma is a leading cause of preventable monocular blindness worldwide. The prevalence of ophthalmic trauma varies considerably based on geographic location, socio-economic status, age groups, occupation, and cultural practices such as firework celebrations. Clinical registries are known to be valuable in guiding the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of complex diseases. However, there is currently a lack of a centralized international data repository for ophthalmic trauma. We draw lessons from past and existing clinical registries related to ophthalmology and propose a new suitable international multicenter clinical registry for ophthalmic trauma: the International Globe and Adnexal Trauma Epidemiology Study (IGATES). IGATES is hosted on a secure web-based platform which exhibits user-friendly smart features, an integrated Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) prognosis calculator, efficient data collection points, and schematic graphical software. IGATES currently has 37 participating centers globally. The data collected through IGATES will be primarily used to develop a more robust and improved ophthalmic trauma prognostic classification system, the Ocular Trauma Score-2 (OTS-2), which builds on previous systems such as the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS) and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS). Furthermore, IGATES will act as a springboard for further research into the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of ophthalmic trauma. Ultimately, IGATES serves to advance the field of ophthalmic trauma and improve the care that patients with ophthalmic trauma receive.

PurposeTo report on the factors associated with severe vision loss from fireworks-related ocular trauma during celebrations, including festivals.MethodsTertiary eye care hospitals in 5 countries and private ophthalmology practices in the Netherlands. Patients included received treatment for fireworks-related ocular trauma during celebrations. Demographic and clinical data for patients affected were analyzed and associations with severe vision loss reported.ResultsOf 388 patients, 71 (18.3 %) had severe vision loss (worse than 6/60) at 4-week follow-up due to fireworks-related ocular trauma. Mean age overall was 20.6 years (range 2 to 83 years), and there was a male predominance of 4:1. Clinical factors associated with severe vision loss included penetrating injury (OR 4.874 [95% CI 1.298–18.304; p = 0.02]) and lens injury (OR 7.023 [95% CI 2.378–20.736; p = 0.0004]). More patients with closed-globe injuries (CGIs) had improved vision after 4 weeks (OR 3.667, 1.096–12.27) compared to those with open-globe injuries (OGI) (p = 0.035). Eye protection use was reported by 7 patients, and 39.4% patients < 18 years were unsupervised by an adult at the time of injury.ConclusionsSevere vision loss from fireworks-related ocular trauma occurred during celebrations in a variety of countries and was associated with penetrating and/or lens injury and poor presenting vision. New initiatives are needed to prevent severe vision loss associated with these injuries.