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Tuberculosis (TB) remains the deadliest infectious disease1, and the widely used Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine fails to curb the epidemic. An improved vaccination strategy could provide a cost-effective intervention to break the transmission cycle and prevent antimicrobial resistance2,3. Limited knowledge of the host responses critically involved in protective immunity hampers the development of improved TB vaccination regimens. Therefore, assessment of new strategies in preclinical models to select the best candidate vaccines before clinical vaccine testing remains indispensable. We have previously established in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that pulmonary mucosal BCG delivery reduces TB disease where standard intradermal injection fails4,5. Here, we show that pulmonary BCG prevents infection by using a repeated limiting-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge model and identify polyfunctional T-helper type 17 (TH17) cells, interleukin-10 and immunoglobulin A as correlates of local protective immunity. These findings warrant further research into mucosal immunization strategies and their translation to clinical application to more effectively prevent the spread of TB.Delivery of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine into the lungs but not the skin of rhesus macaques protects animals from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting that immune responses elicited locally may be required for vaccine efficacy.

Highlights This review offers an overview of recent advancements in conjugated polymers (CPs), with a thorough discussion of their molecular engineering. Key electronic properties are put forth that complement traditional inorganic semiconductor devices. Key concepts and innovations in molecular engineering are discussed, highlighting advancements that improve device performance, with a particular focus on photovoltaics, organic field-effect transistors, and nonvolatile memory devices. The current challenges in fabricating CP-based devices are explored, along with anticipated future developments and growing market demand. Conjugated polymers (CPs) have emerged as an interesting class of materials in modern electronics and photonics, characterized by their unique delocalized π-electron systems that confer high flexibility, tunable electronic properties, and solution processability. These organic polymers present a compelling alternative to traditional inorganic semiconductors, offering the potential for a new generation of optoelectronic devices. This review explores the evolving role of CPs, exploring the molecular design strategies and innovative approaches that enhance their optoelectronic properties. We highlight notable progress toward developing faster, more efficient, and environmentally friendly devices by analyzing recent advancements in CP-based devices, including organic photovoltaics, field-effect transistors, and nonvolatile memories. The integration of CPs in flexible sustainable technologies underscores their potential to revolutionize future electronic and photonic systems. As ongoing research pushes the frontiers of molecular engineering and device architecture, CPs are poised to play an essential role in shaping next-generation technologies that prioritize performance, sustainability, and adaptability.

Over the last year, uncertainty about inflation rose to unprecedented levels since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the divergence among professional forecasters regarding future inflation was much in evidence.!Among much economic uncertainty, components such as labor market conditions, metrics of output and productivity indicators, inflation uncertainty emerged as the dominant source of our aggregate economic uncertainty, bookended by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. 2_ In 2023, inflation risks continued to impact the direction and level of economic activity at the local, regional and national levels in the U.S.

The ordered porous frameworks like MOFs and COFs are generally constructed using the monomers through distinctive metal-coordinated and covalent linkages. Meanwhile, the inter-structural transition between each class of these porous materials is an under-explored research area. However, such altered frameworks are expected to have exciting features compared to their pristine versions. Herein, we have demonstrated a chemical-induction phase-engineering strategy to transform a two-dimensional conjugated Cu-based SA-MOF (Cu-Tp) into 2D-COFs (Cu-TpCOFs). The structural phase transition offered in-situ pore size engineering from 1.1 nm to 1.5–2.0 nm. Moreover, the Cu-TpCOFs showed uniform and low percentage-doped (~ 1–1.5%) metal distribution and improved crystallinity, porosity, and stability compared to the parent Cu-Tp MOF. The construction of a framework from another framework with new linkages opens interesting opportunities for phase-engineering.

The economic recovery of lithium from brine generated by desalination plants presents a promising pathway toward achieving a sustainable water desalination economy. Selectively recovering Li+ ions from brine is challenging due to the presence of other dominant ions. While electrochemical separation techniques, such as hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI), offer several advantages, success largely depends on developing suitable cathodes currently limited to inorganic materials with notable constraints. Herein, the potential of controlling heteroatom distribution within 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs) is explored for electrochemical lithium recovery. This marks the first exploration of COF cathodes for lithium extraction via HCDI. By carefully modulating the density of heteroatoms within the framework backbone, this study aims to understand their critical role better and achieve efficient cathode materials. Notably, Tta‐Dfp, the representative COF, demonstrates a lithium recovery rate of 15.7 mg g⁻¹ at 1.4 V, with a Li‐ion concentration of 300 mg L⁻¹, and exhibits ∼80% selectivity for lithium extraction. At the same time, the device achieves 97.7% capacitance retention after 500 charge‐discharge cycles. Through controlled COFs, density functional theory (DFT) analysis, and post‐electrode characterizations, we elucidate the pivotal role of nitrogen distribution in lithium recovery. This study presents a rational design of hetero‐atom distribution within 2D‐COFs for selective electrochemical lithium extraction through capacitive deionization. The COF's high surface area and charge density facilitate effective lithium‐ion capture, offering a scalable and sustainable approach for lithium recovery from complex brine solutions.

While indicators of global economic integration exhibit a downward trendy since the financial crisis of 2007, global connectivity continues to have a significant impact on the direction and level of economic activity at the local, regional and national levels in the U.S. In 2022, developments such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and ongoing supply chain issues led to larger-than-anticipated inflationary pressures and prompted several increases by the Federal Reserve of its short-term borrowing rate. While supply chain problems and inflation had an adverse impact on real output growth, nominal personal income growth is expected to exceed last year's forecast. While there is evidence of a COVID-19 impact, it appears to be much more transitory than the structural impacts of the Great Recession. Since 2007, Evansville's manufacturing workforce has fallen by 11.8% or 3,000 workers, compared to a 2.5% reduction in Indiana's manufacturing workforce over the same period.

According to the United Nations, around 53 million metric tons of electronic waste is produced every year, worldwide, the big majority of which goes unprocessed. With the rapid advances in AI technologies and adoption of smart gadgets, the demand for powerful logic and memory chips is expected to boom. Therefore, the development of green electronics is crucial to minimizing the impact of the alarmingly increasing e‐waste. Here, it is shown the application of a green synthesized, chemically stable, carbonyl‐decorated 2D organic, and biocompatible polymer as an active layer in a memristor device, sandwiched between potentially fully recyclable electrodes. The 2D polymer's ultramicro channels, decorated with C═O and O─H groups, efficiently promote the formation of copper nanofilaments. As a result, the device shows excellent bipolar resistive switching behavior with the potential to mimic synaptic plasticity. A large resistive switching window (103), low SET/RESET voltage of ≈0.5/−1.5 V), excellent device‐to‐device stability and synaptic features are demonstrated. Leveraging the device's synaptic characteristics, its applications in image denoising and edge detection is examined. The results show a reduction in power consumption by a factor of 103 compared to a traditional Tesla P40 graphics processing unit, indicating great promise for future sustainable AI‐based applications. A memristor based on a green‐synthesized, chemically stable, biocompatible 2D organic polymer along with potentially recyclable electrodes is demonstrated. This device exhibits excellent resistive switching, stable synaptic features, showing its promising application in image denoising and edge detection. The results confirm the device's higher energy‐efficiency compared to traditional GPUs, indicating great promise for future sustainable AI‐based applications.

During 2021, there were announcements of capital investments amounting to $844 million and the creation of 1,529 new jobs. ?ese include an expansion by Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana geared toward the introduction of new vehicle production and supplier retooling, amounting to $803 million in future capital investment and 1,400 new jobs, as well as an expansion of plastics manufacturing capacity by Berry Global through $37.6 million in future capital investment and 94 new jobs. In 2022, Evansville metro area real output is forecast to increase by 4.3%, the number of jobs is projected to increase by 4,700, and nominal personal income growth is forecast to increase by 2.9%. Since the Great Recession in 2007, Evansville's manufacturing workforce has fallen by 9% or about 2,300 workers, compared to a 2.4% reduction in Indiana's manufacturing workforce over the same period.

Projects and announcements During 2020, a number of projects and announcements of future fixed investments provide the basis for expected increases in employment and output in 2021. ?ese include groundbreaking of a facility for a supplier of food packaging materials, the construction of a 100,000-square-foot shell building in an Industrial Park in Warrick County, the announcement of plans by a manufacturer of commercial and residential garage door parts and accessories to double its Evansville facility, and ongoing activity associated with the fixed investments that occurred in 2019. In 2021, Evansville metro area real output is forecast to increase by 9.2%, the number of jobs is projected to increase by around 500 jobs, and nominal personal income growth is forecast to decrease by 2%. Since 2007, Evansville's manufacturing workforce has fallen by 7.1% or about 3,200 workers, compared to an 8.6% reduction in Indiana's manufacturing workforce over the same period.