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Troubled craft and novice teachers: an ethnographic account of emerging professional identities of novice teachers in the english lifelong learning sector
In adopting a qualitative, ethnographically informed approach this thesis explores the identity formation of novice teachers in the lifelong learning sector in England. The research is concerned with four areas for inquiry: how novice teachers perceive the relationship between their professional practices, experiences and emerging teacher identities; the usefulness of the concept of 'craft' in sociological writings to theorise the identities of novice teachers; the appropriateness of a digital ethnographic methodological approach enabling effective research into teachers lives in this sector; and, the applicability of online asynchronous blogging practices to support the development of the professional practices by novice teachers in the lifelong learning sector in England. The identity and pedagogic practices of these novice teachers are contextualised by the ‘turbulent times’ for both the workplace of this sector and the teacher education that supports entrants into this sector. The fieldwork for the research follows two cohorts of new entrants into first-time employment across an 18-month period. In developing an understanding of craft identities, blogging practices are developed as a methodological tool within a digital ethnographic approach, exploring the potential for this revised ethnography. The use of reflective practices through online tools to generate data is conceived herein as an ‘epistemology of doing’: a research practice that in turn supports in an ethical way the lives and social practices of those who participate. The findings of the thesis suggest (contrary to use of the term craft by neo-liberalism) that novice teachers’ craft practice and craft identity are a potentially stable basis for sustained practice in the otherwise turbulent lifelong learning sector. However, this ‘stable basis’ also provides contradictions, uneasy relations, compromises and insurmountable challenges when buttressed against the performativity cultures of the sector.
Dissertation
السياسة والسلطة
يمنح الكتاب قراءه مدخلا واضحا إلى الأفكار والموضوعات والمناقشات الرئيسية المتعلقة بعلم الاجتماع السياسي ويقوم الكتاب بدمج الشرح المبسط والتحليل المتعمق معا ؛ لمناقشة نظريات علماء الاجتماع القدامى والمعاصرين : ويبين كيفية تطورها وإعادة تفسيرها وتقويمها ؛ تبعا للتحولات الجارية في المجتمع. كما يقوم الكتاب بوجه خاص : بالتعريف والمناقشة والتقويم المقصود بالسلطة : وتقويم المشهد السياسي المعاصر وأيديولوجيات الأحزاب السياسية المختلفة : ودراسة أنماط التصويت : وطرح تساؤلات حول علاقة ذلك بالمجتمع : ودراسة قضايا العولمة والتأميم : ومدى تأثيرهما في صوغ المجتمعات المعاصرة ويرى الكتاب القضايا السياسية جوهرية بالنسبة إلى علم الاجتماع ؛ فلا جدوى لأي مناقشة حول هذا العلم ونظرياته : من دون وضع القضايا ذات الطبيعة السياسية في الحسبان ويحفل الكتاب : بمجموعة مختلفة من المهمات والنشاطات وأسئلة التدريب على الاختبارات التي تشجع الطلاب على لعب دور فعال في عملية التعلم ويعد هذا الكتاب : الذي يفرغ لمهارات التفكير التحليلي وتطوير المعرفة : نقطة انطلاق مثالية للطلاب الدارسين للسلطة والسياسة في المجتمع.
Book
Valuing Student Voice in Practice-Based Education
Practice-based education (PBE) is a pedagogy of professional learning which privileges the importance of learning through reflection in practice, contextualised and situated within professional craft knowledge, tacit legitimation claims and theoretically informed practice. It is “an approach to education that is grounded in the preparation of graduates for occupational practice” (Higgs, 2011), a workbased and workplace training. This locates PBE within wider debates around the role of reflective practice and professional craft knowledge. As such, PBE and related pedagogies often find expression within teacher education and the education of healthcare professionals. There is much congruency of these professional learning practices and contexts – both being characterised by boundary-crossing practices between the field of practice and the academy.
Book Chapter
Moose herds endangered
Lee Wilson (Attack on Metis, Native hunters unfair, SP April 2) criticized [Tom Loran]'s comments and called on him to apologize to the Metis and Natives of Saskatchewan. Wilson says that \"if Metis and Natives choose to hunt for sustenance, that is their choice\" and \"ultimately it is up to the Metis and Natives to decide whether it is ethical to hunt at this time of year.\"
Newspaper Article
National primary care responses to COVID-19: a rapid review of the literature
ObjectiveThe aim of this review, conducted in April 2020, is to examine available national primary care guidelines for COVID-19 and to explore the ways in which these guidelines support primary care facilities in responding to the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignRapid review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and Google, as well as the websites of relevant national health departments, were searched from 1 January 2020 to 24 April 2020.Eligibility criteriaDocuments included must be issued by a national health authority, must be specific to COVID-19 care, directed at healthcare workers or managers, and must refer to the role of primary care in the COVID-19 response.ResultsWe identified 17 documents from 14 countries. An adapted framework on primary care challenges and responses to pandemic influenza framed our analysis. Guidelines generally reported on COVID-19 service delivery and mostly made specific recommendations for ensuring continued delivery of essential primary care services through telehealth or other virtual care modalities. Few offered guidance to support surveillance as a public health function. All offered guidance on implementing outbreak control measures, largely through flexible and coordinated organisational models with partners from various sectors. There was a lack of guidance to support supply chain management and practice resilience in primary care, and lack of personal protective equipment represents a serious threat to the provision of quality care during the pandemic.ConclusionsCurrent national primary care guidelines for COVID-19 provide guidance on infection control and minimising the risk of spread in primary care practices, while supporting the use of new technology and coordinated partnerships. However, to ensure primary care practice resilience and quality of care are upheld, guidelines must offer recommendations on supply chain management and operational continuity, supported by adequate resources.
Journal Article
Evolutionary toggling of the MAPT 17q21.31 inversion region
Evan Eichler and colleagues present a sequence assembly of the inverted H2 haplotype of human chromosome 17q21.31 and show that the inversion is polymorphic in other great ape species. Their analyses suggest that the H2 configuration represents the ancestral state in great apes and that inversions have occurred independently in the human and chimpanzee lineages.
Using comparative sequencing approaches, we investigated the evolutionary history of the European-enriched 17q21.31
MAPT
inversion polymorphism. We present a detailed, BAC-based sequence assembly of the inverted human H2 haplotype and compare it to the sequence structure and genetic variation of the corresponding 1.5-Mb region for the noninverted H1 human haplotype and that of chimpanzee and orangutan. We found that inversion of the
MAPT
region is similarly polymorphic in other great ape species, and we present evidence that the inversions occurred independently in chimpanzees and humans. In humans, the inversion breakpoints correspond to core duplications with the
LRRC37
gene family. Our analysis favors the H2 configuration and sequence haplotype as the likely great ape and human ancestral state, with inversion recurrences during primate evolution. We show that the H2 architecture has evolved more extensive sequence homology, perhaps explaining its tendency to undergo microdeletion associated with mental retardation in European populations.
Journal Article
State Requirements for Prenatal Syphilis Screening in the United States, 2016
Objectives This study assesses U.S. state laws related to prenatal syphilis screening, including whether these laws align with CDC screening recommendations and include legal penalties for failing to screen. Methods Statutes and regulations regarding syphilis screening during pregnancy and at delivery effective in 2016 were examined for all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC). Targeted search terms were used to identify laws in legal research databases. The timing of the screening mandates for each state law was coded for: (1) first visit, (2) third trimester, and (3) delivery. Descriptive statistics were calculated to examine the number of states with each type of requirement and whether requirements adhered to the CDC STD treatment guidelines. Results Only six states (11.8%) do not require prenatal syphilis screening. Of states with screening requirements (n = 45), the majority (84.3%) require testing at first prenatal visit or soon after. 17 states (33.3%) require screening during the third trimester with five requiring screening only if the patient is considered at high risk. 8 (15.7%) states require screening at delivery with five requiring testing only if the woman is at high risk. 14 (27.5%) states include punishments for failing to screen (civil penalties, criminal penalties and license revocation). Conclusions for Practice Most states had prenatal syphilis screening requirements; a minority corresponded to or extended CDC recommendations. States vary in when they require testing, who must be tested, and whether a failure to screen could result in a punishment for the provider.
Journal Article
ApoB-containing lipoproteins regulate angiogenesis by modulating expression of VEGF receptor 1
High concentrations of some types of plasma lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein, promote atherosclerosis and a wide range of vascular-related diseases. These pathogenic lipoproteins have in common the protein component apolipoprotein B. Through study of the effects of modulating lipoprotein levels in experiments involving zebrafish, mice and cultured human endothelial cells, Inbal Avraham-Davidi
et al
. uncover a potentially deleterious role of apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins as direct inhibitors of the angiogenic behavior of vascular endothelial cells.
Despite the clear major contribution of hyperlipidemia to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the developed world, the direct effects of lipoproteins on endothelial cells have remained obscure and are under debate. Here we report a previously uncharacterized mechanism of vessel growth modulation by lipoprotein availability. Using a genetic screen for vascular defects in zebrafish, we initially identified a mutation,
stalactite
(
stl
), in the gene encoding microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (
mtp
), which is involved in the biosynthesis of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins. By manipulating lipoprotein concentrations in zebrafish, we found that ApoB negatively regulates angiogenesis and that it is the ApoB protein particle, rather than lipid moieties within ApoB-containing lipoproteins, that is primarily responsible for this effect. Mechanistically, we identified downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), which acts as a decoy receptor for VEGF, as a key mediator of the endothelial response to lipoproteins, and we observed VEGFR1 downregulation in hyperlipidemic mice. These findings may open new avenues for the treatment of lipoprotein-related vascular disorders.
Journal Article
44 Standardised enteral feeding protocols improve growth and clinical outcomes for infants on CICU
BackgroundTo determine effects of standardising feeding on; necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), parenteral nutrition (PN) duration, growth and length of stay (LOS) for infants on CICU.MethodsA single-centre retrospective chart review in infants admitted to CICU in November/December 2020 (pre-protocol) and May/June 2021 (post-protocol).A dietitian-led clinical team used diagnoses and clinical observations to determine whether infants should be nil by mouth, follow ‘high-risk’ or ‘standard-risk’ protocols. The ‘standard-risk’ protocol advised four hours of feeding at 30ml/kg/day, followed by increasing feeds to fluid allowance. ‘High-risk’ protocol infants advanced feeds by 15ml/kg/day (previously 0.5ml/kg/hour four hourly). An optional ‘side-step’ from ‘high-risk’ to ‘standard-risk’ was introduced following day three for stable infants. Donor expressed breast milk (EBM) was introduced for ‘high-risk’ neonates if maternal EBM was unavailable.ResultsThe pre-protocol and post-protocol had 34 and 38 infants respectively. There was a significant decrease between the pre-protocol and post-protocol mean days from CICU admission to EN initiation 8.28 days(±10.80) and 4.22(±3.92) respectively; p=0.04(0.55-8.68). Both groups showed decreased weight-for-age z-scores(WAZ) during admission. There was a significantly smaller drop in mean WAZ score in the post-protocol group -0.21(±0.42) compared to the pre-protocol group -0.59(±0.68); p=0.014(0.72-0.11). NEC incidence reduced from 14.7% to 7.89%, odds ratio 0.17 in the post-protocol group. Days from CICU admission to EN initiation, days on PN, CICU-LOS and hospital-LOS all decreased; although not statistically significant this may be attributable to a small sample size and could be clinically significant.Eight patients in the pre-protocol group didn’t meet their nutritional requirements prior to discharge; this reduced to one patient in the post-protocol group. No patients developed NEC after moving from ‘high-risk’ to ‘standard-risk’.ConclusionThe introduction of ‘high-risk’ and ‘standard-risk’ EN protocols improved EN delivery and growth whilst reducing NEC. A ‘side-step’ from ‘high-risk’ to ‘standard-risk’ appears safe in this small cohort.
Journal Article