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Carbyne-related materials permit exploring the potentially extraordinary properties of this long-sought but still elusive carbon allotrope. However, accurate understanding of these materials is challenging. Here we report the crystal structure of a Au-pseudocarbyne, a representative of a possible new family of materials consisting of sp -hybridized carbon chains and stabilizing metal atoms. Au-pseudocarbyne(C 6 ), the representative pseudocarbyne containing six-membered carbon chains, has space group P6/mmm 191 and unit-cell parameters a  =  b  = 0.60 nm, c  = 0.896 nm, α  =  β  = 90°, γ  = 120°. Its long-range structure can be understood as intimately intergrown bundles, each consisting of six parallel, infinite carbon chains surrounding a column of gold atoms. This compound, together with its eight-membered counterpart Au-pseudocarbyne(C 8 ), shows that interesting new materials resembling the carbyne structure and sharing some of its properties can be designed and developed. The current work raises serious questions regarding recent reports of carbyne synthesis.

Background Orthodontic brackets provide a favorable environment for Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, increasing the risk of white spots and dental caries. Manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler (DM) is a recently developed material for biofilm removal. DM can generate oxygen by catalase-mimicking activity in Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solution and move with ejecting oxygen microbubbles to produce a mechanical self-cleansing effect. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of DM as a novel bracket cleaner. Methods DM was prepared according to the protocol and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We treated S. mutans biofilms grown over bracket with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX group), 3% H 2 O 2 (H 2 O 2 group), and co-treatment with 3 mg/mL of DM and 3% H 2 O 2 (DM group). The biofilm removal effect was analyzed using crystal violet assay, and the results were observed using SEM. The viability of S. mutans in remaining biofilms was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Finally, we examined the effect of all materials on mature multispecies biofilms formed on debonded brackets. Results Crystal violet assay results revealed that the CHX group removed more biofilms than the control group, and the DM group removed biofilms more effectively than the CHX group ( p  < 0.0001). SEM and CLSM images showed that CHX killed S. mutans but failed to remove most biofilms on brackets. However, DM effectively removed biofilms and mature multispecies biofilms on debonded brackets ( p  < 0.0001). Conclusions Co-treatment with DM and H 2 O 2 is effective in removing biofilms on orthodontic brackets compared to conventional antibacterial agents.

Demand for user authentication in virtual reality (VR) applications is increasing such as in-app payments, password manager, and access to private data. Traditionally, hand controllers have been widely used for the user authentication in VR environment, with which the users can typewrite a password or draw a pre-registered pattern; however, the conventional approaches are generally inconvenient and time-consuming. In this study, we proposed a new user authentication method based on eye-writing patterns identified using electrooculogram (EOG) recorded from four locations around the eyes in contact with the face-pad of a VR headset. EOG data acquired during eye-writing a specific pattern are converted into a ten-dimensional vector, named a similarity vector, by calculating similarity values between the EOG data for the current pattern and ten pre-defined template patterns using dynamic positional warping. If the specific pattern corresponds to password, the similarity vector will have shorter distance to a similarity vector of the pre-registered password than an individually pre-determined threshold value. Nineteen participants were instructed to eye-write ten template patterns and five designated patterns to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. A specific user’s similarity vectors were computed using the other users’ template EOG data, employing the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation scheme. The proposed method exhibited an average accuracy of 97.74%, with a false accept rate of 1.31% and a false reject rate of 3.50%. The proposed method would provide a new effective way to secure private data in practical VR applications with edge devices because it does not require heavy computational burden.

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity lattice reduction (LR) algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors with tree searching. Whereas conventional approaches are based exclusively on channel characteristics, we focus on joint optimisation by employing an early termination criterion in the context of MIMO detection. In this regard, incremental LR (ILR) was previously proposed. However, the ILR is limited to LR-aided successive interference cancellation (SIC) detectors which have considerable bit-error-rate (BER) performance degradation compared to optimal detectors. Hence, in this paper, we extend the conventional ILR to be applicable to the LR-aided detectors with near-optimal performance. Furthermore, we perform the hypothetical analysis and several novel modifications to handle the obstacles for the application of the ILR to LR-aided detectors other than the LR-aided SIC detectors. The simulation results demonstrate that the computational complexity is considerably reduced, with BER performance degradation of 10 −5 .

This reports a dual‐functional approach in which Fe catalysts, initially employed for methane pyrolysis to generate COx‐free hydrogen, are directly repurposed as anode materials following in situ carbon deposition. During methane splitting, catalytic decomposition of CH₄ at 900 °C forms onion‐like graphitic carbon shells (≈280 layers) around Fe cores (≈50 nm), producing a structurally stable and electrically conductive Fe@C900 composite without post‐treatment. This carbon‐enriched catalyst demonstrates exceptional electrochemical behavior when transitioned into a battery context. Without any conductive additives, Fe@C900 delivers a reversible capacity of 380 mAh g⁻¹ with 98% retention over 1000 cycles at 1 C. Under a 5000 G magnetic field, spin alignment within the Fe cores triggers directional lithium‐ion migration, enhancing rate performance by 150%. Multimodal characterization reveals accelerated lithium kinetics, stable SEI evolution, and deep lithiation behavior. DFT calculations further confirm strong lithium adsorption (−24.14 eV) and low insertion barriers (−22.85 eV), validating the spin‐guided diffusion mechanism. This work introduces a new class of hydrogen‐derived ferromagnetic anodes, where the byproduct of a clean hydrogen process is re‐engineered into a high‐rate, conductor‐free lithium storage platform. By coupling hydrogen generation with energy storage through shared material intermediates, this strategy offers a scalable path to carbon‐efficient, magnetically enhanced battery systems. Upcycled Fe@C900 from methane pyrolysis delivers superior lithium storage performance. Conductor‐free Fe@C900 achieves 367 mAh g−¹ and 98% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 1C. Expanded interlayer spacing and stable SEI architecture ensure long‐term electrochemical durability. The external magnetic field aligns Fe core spins, accelerating Li⁺ diffusion and charge‐transfer kinetics. DFT calculations reveal low insertion barriers and strong Li⁺ binding in spin‐active carbon shells.