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"Kim, Jaeeun"
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Migration-Facilitating Capital
Despite the centrality of the notion of “capital,” scholarship on international migration has yet to fully explore the generative potential of Bourdieu’s theory. This article “thinks with” Bourdieu to theorize how states, aspiring migrants, and migration brokers interact over the valorization, conversion, and legitimization of various types of capital for migration purposes. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theorization on the state, I identify the variegated ways in which state policies and their enactment by frontline gatekeepers constitute migration-facilitating capital. I show how migration brokers help migrants acquire adequate capital—or the semblance of possession of such capital—to contest the state’s monopolistic claim over the governance of identity, qualification, and mobility. Drawing on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of field, habitus, illusio, and symbolic violence, I analyze how migrants partake in “organized striving” for migration-facilitating capital, the uneven distribution of which produces material and symbolic stratification.
Journal Article
Between sacred gift and profane exchange
Identity crafts for migration and citizenship purposes require the assistance of brokerage actors that help secure documents, advise on self-presentations, and vouch for relevant credentials. While recognizing the contradictory roles these intermediaries play in both facilitating and controlling migration and the porous boundary between for-profit and non-profit actors, scholars have yet to explore what challenges these characteristics pose to the organization of a particular brokerage transaction. How do these intermediaries reconcile their roles as migration facilitators and surrogate gatekeepers? Does it matter to present the transaction as driven by financial rewards or other loftier goals? How are the boundaries between different types of intermediaries enacted and contested? I explore these questions through the case of a religious organization that helps migrants establish their religious identities for asylum claims-making on religious grounds. Combining insights from the “relational work” approach with ethnographic research in Korean evangelical congregations in the U.S., I show how the template of gift giving allows the church to focus on making the faithful as God’s intermediary, instead of screening them as the state’s private deputy, and avoid an accusation that its trade with asylum-seekers turns the Christian persona into a quasi-commodity. The boundary between the church and commercial brokers, between gift giving and market exchange, however, is constantly contested and renegotiated through the interaction between the transaction parties. In conclusion, I discuss how the relational work approach can advance our comparative inquiry into the brokerage transactions facilitating the “profane” exchange of “sacred” identities for migration and citizenship purposes.
Journal Article
The Impact of Patchy Reionization on Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
We investigate how patchy reionization affects the star formation history (SFH) and stellar metallicity of ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). Patchy reionization refers to varying ultraviolet background strengths depending on a galaxy’s environment. Recent observations highlight the significance of this effect on UFDs, as UFDs can have different SFHs depending on their relative position with respect to their host halo during the period of reionization. However, most cosmological hydrodynamic simulations do not consider environmental factors such as patchy reionization, and the effect of reionization is typically applied homogeneously. Using a novel approach to implement patchy reionization, we show how SFHs of simulated UFDs can change. Our cosmological hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations focus on UFD analogs with M vir ∼ 109 M ⊙, M * ≲ 105 M ⊙ at z = 0. We find that patchy reionization can weaken the effect of reionization by 2 orders of magnitude up to z = 3, enabling late star formation in half of the simulated UFDs, with quenching times ∼460 Myr later than those with homogeneous reionization. We also show that halo merger and mass assembly can affect the SFHs of simulated UFDs, in addition to patchy reionization. The average stellar iron-to-hydrogen ratio, [Fe/H], of the simulated UFDs with patchy reionization increases by 0.22–0.42 dex. Finally, our findings suggest that patchy reionization could be responsible for the extended SFHs of Magellanic UFDs compared to non-Magellanic UFDs.
Journal Article
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cashew nut allergy in Korean children: Findings from a tertiary hospital
Objective: Cashew nut (CN) allergy is becoming increasingly prevalent and represents a major cause of tree nut-induced anaphylaxis in Korean children. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of CN allergy in Korean children. Patients and methods: Sixty-four children with a history of CN ingestion, who underwent serum CN-specific immunoglobulin E (CN-sIgE) measurements from January 2013 to February 2023, were enrolled through a retrospective medical record review. The demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and laboratory findings were evaluated. Result: Thirty-five patients had immediate-type reactions after exposure to CN (CN-allergic group), whereas 29 showed no symptoms after ingesting CN (CN-tolerant group). Over 60% of patients in the CN-allergic group were allergic to ≥ 1 other tree nuts and 17.1% had peanut allergies. In the CN-allergic group, cutaneous symptoms were most common (94.1%), followed by respiratory (35.3%), gastrointestinal (32.4%), and cardiovascular (2.9%) symptoms. Anaphylaxis due to CN exposure was observed in 51.4% of patients in the CN-allergic group. The median CN-sIgE level of the CN-allergic group was significantly higher than that of the CN-tolerant group (5.5 kUA/L vs. 0.06 kUA/L, P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff level for distinguishing the CN-allergic group from the CN-tolerant group was 0.55 kUA/L (sensitivity 94.29%, specificity 93.10%). Conclusion: Co-allergies to other tree nuts were common in children with CN allergy and more than 50% of patients with CN allergy experienced anaphylaxis. The optimal cutoff level for distinguishing between the CN-allergic and CN-tolerant groups was 0.55 kUA/L.
Journal Article
BES-Driven Machine Learning Prediction of Future Energy Loads in Broiler Housing Under SSP Climate Scenarios in South Korea
The increasing frequency of heatwaves and high-temperature events due to climate change intensifies heat stress and mortality risk in broiler production and necessitates reassessment of facility design and energy management. This study developed a machine learning surrogate model trained on BES-simulated heating and cooling loads to estimate future energy load changes in broiler houses under SSP climate scenarios. Training data were constructed using simulated energy load results under different insulation conditions combined with historical meteorological data (2011–2020). Four machine learning models, namely Linear Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost, were applied to compare their predictive performance for heating and cooling loads. Model performance was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation (K-fold cross-validation, K = 5). XGBoost and Random Forest showed the best performance for heating and cooling load prediction, respectively (R2 > 0.99, MAPE < 10%). These models were applied to SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios. Results showed decreasing heating loads and increasing cooling loads across all scenarios, with cooling demand projected to increase by more than 150% relative to baseline levels under SSP5-8.5 by the late 21st century. This study demonstrates that simulation-trained machine learning can efficiently estimate long-term energy-demand changes, supporting climate-responsive facility design and energy management in livestock housing.
Journal Article
Establishing Identity: Documents, Performance, and Biometric Information in Immigration Proceedings
This article explores the politics of identification in immigration proceedings by examining the struggles over family-based immigration in South Korea in the context of ethnic Korean ``return'' migration from China. It focuses on micropolitical struggles in bureaucratic settings, analyzing how migrants and immigration bureaucrats struggle to establish kinship and marital status in order to secure or limit migrants' access to the labor market and citizenship. Drawing on fieldwork in both the sending and receiving communities, it shows how migrants and bureaucrats use various types of ``identity tags'' (official documents, performance, and biometric information) to establish the authenticity of family relations and to accept or reject particular understandings of personhood, belonging, and entitlement. It also highlights the multiple normative orderings that inform migrants' strategies (including their use of ``fraudulent'' identity) and their implicit or explicit challenge to the criminalizing and stigmatizing view of the immigration state.
Journal Article
The Colonial State, Migration, and Diasporic Nationhood in Korea
Studies of European colonialism have long documented how colonial states served as incubators of nationhood, yet the literature has limited its analytic scope largely to the encounters and ethnic mixings that took place within the territorial boundaries of colonies. This article examines a hitherto understudied phenomenon, the colonial state's trans-border engagement with its subjects who left the territorial unit of the colony and its impact on the contested development of diasporic nationhood. My empirical focus is the shifting trajectories of the classification struggles over Korean migrants in Manchuria during Japan's occupation of Korea. I identify the tumultuous and uneven development of specific legal, organizational, and bureaucratic infrastructures that helped the colonial state extend its trans-border reach and define and identify these migrants as “its own,” often against suspicion, sabotage, hostility, and resistance on the part of other states, indigenous populations, or migrants themselves. I argue that the colonial state's extensive and intensive transborder engagement provided a critical institutional scaffolding for the imagined community of the Korean nation, which came to be conceived as transcending the geographical boundary of the colony. This article contributes to the comparative studies of empire, migration, diaspora, and nationhood formation by challenging the prevalent sedentary bias of the existing literature, by elucidating the critical infrastructural underpinning of the formation of diasporic nationhood, and by extending the horizon of comparison to the political dynamics and long-term ramifications engendered by the migration of, not only metropolitan settlers, but also colonial subjects, within and beyond the ambit of the empire.
Journal Article
Effects of obesity on dynamic stability control during recovery from a treadmill-induced slip among young adults
This study sought to investigate the effects of obesity on falls and dynamic stability control in young adults when subject to a standardized treadmill-induced gait-slip. Forty-four young adults (21 normal-weight and 23 obese) participated in this study. After their muscle strength was assessed at the right knee under maximum voluntary isometric (flexion and extension) contractions, participants were moved to an ActiveStep treadmill. Following 5 normal walking trials on the treadmill, all participants encountered an identical and unexpected slip defined as a perturbation in the anterior direction with the magnitude of 24-cm slip distance and 2.4-m/s peak slip velocity. The trials were categorized as a fall or recovery based on the reliance of the subject on external support following the slip. Compared with the normal-weight group, the obese group demonstrated less relative muscle strength and fell more responding to the slip (78.3% vs. 40.0%, p=0.009). After adjusting the body height and gender, the results indicated that the obese group was 19.1-time (95% confidence interval: [2.06, 177.36]) more prone to a fall than the normal-weight group when experiencing the same treadmill-induced slip. The obese group showed significantly impaired dynamic stability after slip possibly due to the inability of controlling the trunk segment׳s backward lean movement. Obesity measurements explained more slip outcome variance than did the strength measurements (53.4% vs. 18.1%). This study indicates that obesity most likely influences the ability to recover from slip perturbations. It is important to develop interventions to improve the capability of balance recovery among individuals with obesity.
Journal Article