Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
6,819
result(s) for
"Kim, Yong Ho"
Sort by:
Social media and South Korean national security
\"South Korea offers a timely illustration of the relationship between social media and national security. The author describes the effects of trade-offs between security and civil liberties and how narratives advanced through social media differ from those reported by traditional news outlets\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Astrocytic neuroligins control astrocyte morphogenesis and synaptogenesis
Astrocytes are complex glial cells with numerous fine cellular processes that infiltrate the neuropil and interact with synapses. The mechanisms that control the establishment of astrocyte morphology are unknown, and it is unclear whether impairing astrocytic infiltration of the neuropil alters synaptic connectivity. Here we show that astrocyte morphogenesis in the mouse cortex depends on direct contact with neuronal processes and occurs in parallel with the growth and activity of synaptic circuits. The neuroligin family cell adhesion proteins NL1, NL2, and NL3, which are expressed by cortical astrocytes, control astrocyte morphogenesis through interactions with neuronal neurexins. Furthermore, in the absence of astrocytic NL2, the formation and function of cortical excitatory synapses are diminished, whereas inhibitory synaptic function is enhanced. Our findings highlight a previously undescribed mechanism of action for neuroligins and link astrocyte morphogenesis to synaptogenesis. Because neuroligin mutations have been implicated in various neurological disorders, these findings also point towards an astrocyte-based mechanism of neural pathology.
Astrocyte morphogenesis depends on interactions between astrocytic neuroligins and neuronal neurexins.
Neuroligins adjust their astrocytes
It has long been known that astrocytes maintain an intimate relationship with neurons and can influence synapses with their complex morphology and close physical interactions. However, the molecular means by which the astrocyte initiates and maintains the required morphology to participate in synaptic regulation are not well known. Here, Cagla Eroglu and colleagues report that neuroligins—a family of cell adhesion molecules—expressed by astrocytes can bind to neurexins expressed on neurons to regulate astrocyte morphogenesis and modulate synaptic density and function.
Journal Article
South Korea's 70-year endeavor for foreign policy, national defense, and unification
This book brings Korea's finest foreign policy minds together in contemplating the risks and rewards of finally ending the 70 year stalemate between North and South Korea through reunification. While North Korea is in conflict with the United States over denuclearization and regime security, the South Korean government is focusing on economic development preparing for the day when the two Koreas are unified. This book will help scholars, activists and policy-makers from all over the world systematically understand the current diplomatic and security issues in the Korean peninsula.
Book
Adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy (CLASSIC): a phase 3 open-label, randomised controlled trial
D2 gastrectomy is recommended in US and European guidelines, and is preferred in east Asia, for patients with resectable gastric cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves patient outcomes after surgery, but the benefits after a D2 resection have not been extensively investigated in large-scale trials. We investigated the effect on disease-free survival of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin after D2 gastrectomy compared with D2 gastrectomy only in patients with stage II–IIIB gastric cancer.
The capecitabine and oxaliplatin adjuvant study in stomach cancer (CLASSIC) study was an open-label, parallel-group, phase 3, randomised controlled trial undertaken in 37 centres in South Korea, China, and Taiwan. Patients with stage II–IIIB gastric cancer who had had curative D2 gastrectomy were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy of eight 3-week cycles of oral capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1 to 14 of each cycle) plus intravenous oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle) for 6 months or surgery only. Block randomisation was done by a central interactive computerised system, stratified by country and disease stage. Patients, and investigators giving interventions, assessing outcomes, and analysing data were not masked. The primary endpoint was 3 year disease-free survival, analysed by intention to treat. This study reports a prespecified interim efficacy analysis, after which the trial was stopped after a recommendation by the data monitoring committee. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00411229).
1035 patients were randomised (520 to receive chemotherapy and surgery, 515 surgery only). Median follow-up was 34·2 months (25·4–41·7) in the chemotherapy and surgery group and 34·3 months (25·6–41·9) in the surgery only group. 3 year disease-free survival was 74% (95% CI 69–79) in the chemotherapy and surgery group and 59% (53–64) in the surgery only group (hazard ratio 0·56, 95% CI 0·44–0·72; p<0·0001). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported in 279 of 496 patients (56%) in the chemotherapy and surgery group and in 30 of 478 patients (6%) in the surgery only group. The most common adverse events in the intervention group were nausea (n=326), neutropenia (n=300), and decreased appetite (n=294).
Adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin treatment after curative D2 gastrectomy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with operable gastric cancer.
F Hoffmann-La Roche and Sanofi-Aventis.
Journal Article
معركة شرسه بين تنين وآخر /
تقدم القصتان اللتان يضمهما هذا الكتاب لونين من الأدب الكوري، حيث تدور قصة \"معركة شرسة بين تنين وآخر\" في إطار فانتازي، ولكنه يهدف إلى تحفيز البشر على الثورة ضد الطغيان والغيبيات. وبأسلوب حكائي شديد البراعة يسرد \"سين تشاي هو\" قصة ثورة البشر على الآلهة، منتقدا فيها العديد من الآليات التي تخضع الإنسان ليظل منكسرا، متنازلا عن حريته طوال عمرهأما قصة \"قرية في الوادي الجبلي\" للكاتب \"لي هيو سوك\" فيقوم فيها باستعراض اجتماعي شديد الدقة للحياة في قرية كورية منعزلة بين الجبال، وبأسلوب عذب ولغة وصفية يأخذنا الكاتب في رحلة تاريخية شديدة الخصوصية، مستعرضا الحياة الاجتماعية للمزارعين، وتقلبات الحياة التي تحدث في تلك القرية البعيدة.
Book
Stem Cell Therapy for Modulating Neuroinflammation in Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex, debilitating, chronic pain state, heterogeneous in nature and caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. Its pathogenesis involves a wide range of molecular pathways. NP treatment is extremely challenging, due to its complex underlying disease mechanisms. Current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches can provide long-lasting pain relief to a limited percentage of patients and lack safe and effective treatment options. Therefore, scientists are focusing on the introduction of novel treatment approaches, such as stem cell therapy. A growing number of reports have highlighted the potential of stem cells for treating NP. In this review, we briefly introduce NP, current pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments, and preclinical studies of stem cells to treat NP. In addition, we summarize stem cell mechanisms—including neuromodulation in treating NP. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed to provide an overview of the neuroprotective effects of stem cells with particular emphasis on recent translational research regarding stem cell-based treatment of NP, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic approach.
Journal Article
Anatomical and CBCT-Based Evaluation of the Mental Foramen in Korean Adults: Clinical Implications for Implant Surgery and Mental Nerve Block
Precise localization of the mental foramen (MF) is essential to avoid mental nerve injury during implant placement, osteotomy, periapical surgery, and regional anesthesia. However, MF morphology and canal orientation show population-specific variability, and comprehensive morphometric data combining cadaveric dissection and CBCT analysis remain limited in Koreans. This study aimed to provide clinically applicable MF reference values for Korean adults.
Thirty-two hemimandibles from 16 dentate Korean cadavers were examined through direct anatomical dissection. MF position relative to teeth, shape, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distances to the gingival margin, inferior border, and mandibular midline were measured. CBCT imaging of 12 hemimandibles was used to assess the internal trajectory and opening direction of the mental canal.
The MF was most frequently located below the second premolar (75%), followed by the P2-M1 region (15.6%). Round foramina (62.5%) were more common than oval forms. Mean distances from the MF to the gingival margin, inferior border, and midline were 16.6 mm, 15.5 mm, and 26.5 mm, respectively. The mean horizontal diameter of the MF was 3.0 mm, and the mean vertical diameter was 2.2 mm. CBCT analysis revealed two emergence patterns-posterolateral (50%) and lateral (50%).
This study identified the positional characteristics, diameters, and canal emergence patterns of the MF in a cadaveric sample using dissection and CBCT. The findings regarding MF location, dimensions, and the opening direction of the mental canal provide practical anatomical information that may support safer implant placement, mental nerve blocks, and anterior mandibular surgery.
Journal Article
Infection of Brain Organoids and 2D Cortical Neurons with SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus
Since the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), infections of diverse human organs along with multiple symptoms continue to be reported. However, the susceptibility of the brain to SARS-CoV-2, and the mechanisms underlying neurological infection are still elusive. Here, we utilized human embryonic stem cell-derived brain organoids and monolayer cortical neurons to investigate infection of brain with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. Spike-containing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infected neural layers within brain organoids. The expression of ACE2, a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, was sustained during the development of brain organoids, especially in the somas of mature neurons, while remaining rare in neural stem cells. However, pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the axon of neurons, which lack ACE2. Neural infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus did not increase in proportion to viral load, but only 10% of neurons were infected. Our findings demonstrate that brain organoids provide a useful model for investigating SARS-CoV-2 entry into the human brain and elucidating the susceptibility of the brain to SARS-CoV-2.
Journal Article
Virucidal nano-perforator of viral membrane trapping viral RNAs in the endosome
Membrane-disrupting agents that selectively target virus versus host membranes could potentially inhibit a broad-spectrum of enveloped viruses, but currently such antivirals are lacking. Here, we develop a nanodisc incorporated with a decoy virus receptor that inhibits virus infection. Mechanistically, nanodiscs carrying the viral receptor sialic acid bind to influenza virions and are co-endocytosed into host cells. At low pH in the endosome, the nanodiscs rupture the viral envelope, trapping viral RNAs inside the endolysosome for enzymatic decomposition. In contrast, liposomes containing a decoy receptor show weak antiviral activity due to the lack of membrane disruption. The nanodiscs inhibit influenza virus infection and reduce morbidity and mortality in a mouse model. Our results suggest a new class of antivirals applicable to other enveloped viruses that cause irreversible physical damage specifically to virus envelope by viruses’ own fusion machine. In conclusion, the lipid nanostructure provides another dimension for antiviral activity of decoy molecules.
Membrane-disrupting agents that selectively target virus versus host membranes could potentially be potent antivirals. Here the authors incorporate a decoy virus receptor into a nanodisc and show that it ruptures the viral membrane at low pH and traps viral RNAs in the endolysosome for degradation.
Journal Article