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"Kimmerle, Erin H"
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A Comparative Study of Developmental Defects and Metabolic Diseases Among the Arikara and Earlier Northern Plains Populations
Investigations into developmental stability and congenital defects prevalent among pre-contact and historic populations, provides insight into the cultural and biological forces acting on individuals. This study investigates the occurrence of metabolic and developmental disorders at three Arikara cemeteries (Sully, 39SL4) in South Dakota (dating A.D. 1150-1750). The patterns of disorders are compared to other, earlier northern Plains groups. Particular attention is given to the specific patterns of vertebral shifting, a congenital condition resulting in the malformation of vertebrae, and the differential frequency of such defects among males and females. The absence of nutritional disorders and lower frequency of congenital anomalies among the Sully remains, compared to the higher incidence among earlier Woodland groups as reported in the literature suggests changes in diet over time resulted in better nutrition.
Journal Article
Forensic Anthropology: Case Studies from Europe
There are several important and recurring themes throughout the volume: the important contributions of applied forensic anthropology to medicolegal death investigations and the wide range of expertise it has to offer, the need for population specific reference samples and continued research, and the changing role of forensics as a field with a growing cross-cultural perspective. The authors throughout this text provide literature reviews and demonstrate the relevance of anthropological evidence to the legal context. case studies come from 12 European countries, highlighting the importance of a crosscultural perspective, variation in systems and procedures for missing persons protocols, and differences in methodological standards of identification.
Book Review
Biological and statistical variation in age estimation from pubic symphyseal morphology with regard to individual identification and demographic profiling
The question of whether age parameters derived from an American population will reliably estimate age-at-death for East European skeletal populations is important since the ability to accurately estimate an individual's age-at-death hinges on what standard is used. A reference sample of identified individuals with known ages-at-death from Kosovo, Bosnia, and Croatia (n = 861) is used to determine the age structure of victims and serves as the informed prior in the Bayesian analysis. Skeletal data comes from a subset of the Balkan reference sample and a comparative American sample. Balkan male (n = 212) and female (n = 84) pubic symphyses were scored in both the manners of Todd (1920 and 1924) and Suchey-Brooks (Katz and Suchey, 1986; Suchey et al., 1986). Further, repeat observations were completed by four observers for the entire Balkan sample. American male (n = 1,560) and female (n = 518) pubic symphyses were scored in the manner of Todd (1920 and 1921). First, the affect of inter-observer variation on the reliability of estimating age-at-death parameters from the pubic symphyses is investigated. Pearson's r correlation coefficients among observers for the Todd system are all significant (p < 0.01) and strongly correlate among females. Wilcoxon signed ranks tests demonstrate significant differences among observers for both methods. Second, population variation in the aging processes of American and East European populations is tested using proportional odds probit regression. An analysis of deviance is calculated using an improvement chi-square to test the adequacy of the model. No significant association between the aging process of pubic symphyses and population is found. However, when males and females are treated separately, there is a significant association among females and the population (df = 1, chi-square likelihood ratio = 15.071, p = 0.001). Finally, the ages-of-transition for each phase are calculated using an unrestrictive cumulative probit model for the Balkan males and the log-age cumulative probit model for the Balkan females. The age estimates are based on the calculated age distribution from the Gompertz-Makeham hazard analysis and the ages-of-transition. To estimate the age-at-death for an individual, the highest posterior density regions for each symphyseal phase is calculated.
Dissertation
From Crime Scene to Morgue: The Field of Forensic Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientic study of the origin and behavior of humans,
including their biological and cultural development. Forensic anthropology
is a rapidly growing and changing subeld that is based in biological anthropology but also draws on archeology, cultural anthropology, law, biology,
environmental sciences, medicine, chemistry, and geology. Forensic anthropology has been dened as the application of biological anthropology to legal
and social problems. erefore, forensic anthropologists are broadly trained
within the four elds of anthropology: cultural studies, biology and evolutionary theory, archeology, and linguistics. ere are a number of recent
textbooks that focus on this subject (e.g., Brickley & Ferllini, 2007; Byers,
2008; Dupras, Schultz, Wheeler, & Williams, 2006; Kimmerle & Baraybar,
2008; Komar & Buikstra, 2008).
Book Chapter
FLORIDA'S SEARCH FOR THE MISSING
Many states recognize this problem. Across the country, law enforcement officials have begun hosting missing person days, which are public events to share information and resources with families of the missing and the public. Here, the Florida Institute for Forensic Anthropology and Applied Sciences at the University of South Florida, the Pasco Sheriff's Office and 12 law enforcement agencies from around the state are taking a leadership role in tackling the problem and will host the first Missing in Florida Day on Saturday at the USF Marshall Center in Tampa. This event is an opportunity for families of missing persons to sit down with law enforcement to file a missing person report or update existing records by giving DNA samples, dental information, photographs or other biometric information. Consider that last month we hosted the Second Annual Art of Forensics event. This was an effort to highlight select cases of John and Jane Does to identify victims. Florida has nearly 900 unidentified victims, John and Jane Does whose remains are sitting in storage or buried in nameless graves. Most are not reported missing. At the event, one family thought they recognized their sister among the clay busts. A missing person file was created by the Tampa Police Department and DNA samples provided by the family on site were submitted for comparison. That's one more family added to the system - their results are pending.
Newspaper Article
DETERMINATION, TECHNOLOGY USED TO SOLVE COLD CASES
A few days ago, we announced the identifications of two more missing boys from the Arthur G. Dozier School for Boysin Marianna. Loyd Dutton and Grady Huff died in 1918 and 1934, respectively. Dutton's identification came 98 years after his death and is remarkable for that reason. Many people, even some fellow scholars, told us these cases were too old to investigate, too old to find remains and far too old to get viable DNA samples. Another, more alarming message became clear:These cold cases were simply too old to invest in. Just a few decades ago, missing personreports were conspicuously not filed for many adults who went missing. Why? Because in many cases, authorities assumed the person was not missing at all but rather estranged, purposely relocating or restarting his or herlife. The missing often originated from at-risk groups such as children, runaways, abused women, the disabled, addicts and the homeless. In some cases, the very person who should have reported them missing was responsible for thedeath. In a review of more than 400 solved homicide cases in Hillsborough County, we found 77 percent of victims knew their killers (most commonly as friends/acquaintances, followed by boyfriend/girlfriend and less frequently spouses) and in 30 percent of cases bodies were moved or tampered with after death. In cases where the victims' bodies were moved to a secondary location or dumped (40 cases), they were almost twice as likely to be in the countythan in Tampa.
Newspaper Article
COLD CASES ARE SOLVED WITH TEAMWORK AND DEDICATION
Last year, we created the Institute for Forensic Anthropology and Applied Science, or IFAAS, at USF to confront issues of missing, endangered, exploited and unidentified persons through applied scientific research. This effort is to raise awareness about the issue and build our capacity to provide more services. We are partnering with sheriffs, medical examiners, the Florida Sheriffs Association and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. But ultimately, successful cold case programs need the public's support and for our elected officials to understand what this program means to not just the local community, but to all Floridians. What is the scope of the problem? It's hard to say, as no agency tracks cold cases at the state level. It is estimated there are thousands in Florida. We know the number of open homicides in the Tampa Bay area is more than 500. Statewide, we have more than 850 unidentified persons. Many cases never had DNA testing, as was the case with [Janice Marie Young], before 2010. Cases also lack updated facial composites, chemical isotope testing or basic anthropological analysis to get reliable ancestry and age estimations.
Newspaper Article