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Background A growing literature explores the coproduction of research knowledge. Barriers to coproduction in mental health research have been identified, especially for the people from marginalized communities. There is an established body of participatory research that has potential to inform coproduction in mental health research. Objectives To explore and articulate how learning from community participatory approaches to research enable barriers to knowledge coproduction to be overcome in mental health research. Setting An evaluation of a primary care mental health service, led by an experienced survivor researcher, supported by a health service researcher and involving a team of community co‐researchers. Design Cycles of reflective writing (first‐person narrative) by the authors, and feedback from the co‐researcher team, on their experiences of undertaking the evaluation were used to explore the ways in which community actors, including those from marginalized communities, might be meaningfully involved in producing research knowledge about mental health services. Results A space was created where community co‐researchers, including those from traditionally marginalized communities, felt safe and empowered to move beyond essentialized “service user” identities and bring a range of skills and expertise to the evaluation. There was meaningful rebalancing of power between traditional university and community roles, although the issues around leadership remained complex and more could be done to explore how our different experiences of race and mental health shape the research we do. Conclusions Potential was demonstrated for participatory research approaches to inform coproduction of knowledge in mental health research that fully reflects the diversity of identity and experience.

BackgroundMeeting sex partners online is associated with increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections. We examined whether different venues where men who have sex with men (MSM) meet sex partners was associated with prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection, and whether prevalence increased during (vs before) the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from San Diego’s ‘Good To Go’ sexual health clinic from two enrolment periods: (1) March–September 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and (2) March–September 2021 (during COVID-19). Participants completed self-administered intake assessments. This analysis included males aged ≥18 years self-reporting sex with males within 3 months before enrolment. Participants were categorised as (1) meeting new sex partners in-person only (eg, bars, clubs), (2) meeting new sex partners online (eg, applications, websites) or (3) having sex only with existing partners. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for year, age, race, ethnicity, number of sex partners, pre-exposure prophylaxis use and drug use to examine whether venue or enrolment period were associated with CT/NG infection (either vs none).ResultsAmong 2546 participants, mean age was 35.5 (range: 18–79) years, 27.9% were non-white and 37.0% were Hispanic. Overall, CT/NG prevalence was 14.8% and was higher during COVID-19 vs pre-COVID-19 (17.0% vs 13.3%). Participants met sex partners online (56.9%), in-person (16.9%) or only had existing partners (26.2%) in the past 3 months. Compared with having only existing sex partners, meeting partners online was associated with higher CT/NG prevalence (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.32; 95% CI 1.51 to 3.65), while meeting partners in-person was not associated with CT/NG prevalence (aOR 1.59; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.89). Enrolment during COVID-19 was associated with higher CT/NG prevalence compared with pre-COVID-19 (aOR 1.42; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.79).ConclusionsCT/NG prevalence appeared to increase among MSM during COVID-19, and meeting sex partners online was associated with higher prevalence.

Lymph nodes (LN) and their resident T follicular helper CD4+ T cells (Tfh) are a critical site for HIV replication and persistence. Therefore, optimizing antiviral activity in lymphoid tissues will be needed to reduce or eliminate the HIV reservoir. In this study, we retained effector immune cells in LN of cART-suppressed, SIV-infected rhesus macaques by treatment with the lysophospholipid sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod). FTY720 was remarkably effective in reducing circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including those with cytolytic potential, and in increasing the number of these T cells retained in LN, as determined directly in situ by histocytometry and immunohistochemistry. The FTY720-induced inhibition of T cell egress from LN resulted in a measurable decrease of SIV-DNA content in blood as well as in LN Tfh cells in most treated animals. In conclusion, FTY720 administration has the potential to limit viral persistence, including in the critical Tfh cellular reservoir. These findings provide rationale for strategies designed to retain antiviral T cells in lymphoid tissues to target HIV remission.

In this paper I provide support for the view that at least some forms of adversariality in argumentation are legitimate. The support comes from Aristotle’s theory of illegitimate adversarial argumentation in dialectical contexts: his theory of eristic in his work On Sophistical Refutations. Here Aristotle develops non-epistemic standards for evaluating the legitimacy of dialectical procedures, standards which I propose can be understood in terms of the pragmatic notion of context as common ground. Put briefly, Aristotle makes the answerer’s meaning in giving assent in dialectical contexts the basis for further moves in the game of dialectic. Moves which subvert the answerer’s meaning or do not solicit the answerer’s consent are marked as eristic, i.e. adversarial in a problematic sense. I conclude with remarks on what Aristotle’s theory may teach us about how semantic features relate to the normative evaluation of argumentation.

Delayed access to mental health services for children and adolescents has been linked to an increased risk of harm and nonattendance to scheduled appointments. While studies suggest that the lack of standardized assessments for prioritizing individuals has contributed to long wait times, the inconsistent use of assessments across service sectors in Ontario continues to persist. This has contributed to a paucity of information surrounding which children and adolescents may require urgent mental health services. Using a large secondary data set, this study examined whether service sector (e.g., school), and other individual client characteristics (e.g., age, sex, legal guardianship, interpersonal and school conflict) predicted greater mental health service urgency in 61,448 children and adolescents assessed using the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Screener. Binary logistic regression revealed that all predictors, except for sector, showed a significant effect on service urgency. Findings are instrumental in prioritization, reducing the likelihood that children with acute needs remain on waitlists.

Clinical outcomes are inferior for individuals with HIV having suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated if the levels of infection and the response to homeostatic cytokines of CD4 T-cell subsets contributed to divergent CD4 T-cell recovery and HIV reservoir during ART by studying virologically-suppressed immunologic responders (IR, achieving a CD4 cell count >500 cells/μL on or before two years after ART initiation), and virologically-suppressed suboptimal responders (ISR, did not achieve a CD4 cell count >500 cells/μL in the first two years after ART initiation). Compared to IR, ISR demonstrated higher levels of HIV-DNA in naïve, central (CM), transitional (TM), and effector (EM) memory CD4 T-cells in blood, both pre- and on-ART, and specifically in CM CD4 T-cells in LN on-ART. Furthermore, ISR had higher pre-ART plasma levels of IL-7 and IL-15, cytokines regulating T-cell homeostasis. Notably, pre-ART PD-1 and TIGIT expression levels were higher in blood CM and TM CD4 T-cells for ISR; this was associated with a significantly lower fold-changes in HIV-DNA levels between pre- and on-ART time points exclusively on CM and TM T-cell subsets, but not naïve or EM T-cells. Finally, the frequency of CM CD4 T-cells expressing PD-1 or TIGIT pre-ART as well as plasma levels of IL-7 and IL-15 predicted HIV-DNA content on-ART. Our results establish the association between infection, T-cell homeostasis, and expression of PD-1 and TIGIT in long-lived CD4 T-cell subsets prior to ART with CD4 T-cell recovery and HIV persistence on-ART.

Adopting a multi-disciplinary and comparative approach, this book focuses on the emerging and innovative aspects of attempts to target the accumulated assets of those engaged in criminal and terrorist activity, organized crime and corruption. It examines the ’follow-the-money’ approach and explores the nature of criminal, civil and regulatory responses used to attack the financial assets of those engaged in financial crime in order to deter and disrupt future criminal activity as well as terrorism networks. With contributions from leading international academics and practitioners in the fields of law, economics, financial management, criminology, sociology and political science, the book explores law and practice in countries with significant problems and experiences, revealing new insights into these dilemmas. It also discusses the impact of the ’follow-the-money’ approach on human rights while also assessing effectiveness. The book will appeal to academics and researchers of financial crime, organized crime and terrorism as well as practitioners in the police, prosecution, financial and taxation agencies, policy-makers and lawyers. 'Dirty Assets is a remarkable collection of scientific contributions, which follow the common thread of examining how criminal activities might be countered by putting a stop to illicit financial flows... In conclusion, the volume, which appears written with a clear view of its impact on future directions and developments in the area of criminal assets confiscation and recovery, achieves the goal of offering a brilliant overview of the most relevant measures implemented at both domestic and supranational level in order to interrupt the illicit financial flows that feed criminal and terrorist organisations, enabling them to carry out their criminal activities.' Costantino Grasso , University of East London, UK, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology Colin King is Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Sussex. He is also Academic Fellow at the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple. Prior to joining Sussex, Colin lectured at the Universities of Manchester and Leeds, and was Director of the University of Leeds Innocence Project. He completed his PhD at the University of Limerick, Ireland in 2010. Clive Walker is Professor of Criminal Justice Studies at the School of Law, University of Leeds, where he has served as the Director of the Centre for Criminal Justice Studies (1987-2000) and as Head of School (2000-2005, 2010). He has written extensively on criminal justice issues with a special focus on terrorism issues and also miscarriages of justice, with many publications not only in the UK but also in several other jurisdictions, especially the USA, where he has been a visiting professor at George Washington and Stanford Universities. In 2003, he was a special adviser to the UK Parliamentary select committee which scrutinised what became the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, from which experience he published The Civil Contingencies Act 2004: Risk, Resilience and the Law in the United Kingdom (Oxford University Press, 2006). He has also given evidence to many other Parliamentary and official inquiries, not only in the UK but also in Australia, Canada, and the US. His latest book on terrorism is a comprehensive study of Terrorism and the Law (Oxford University Press, 2011) and was supported by an AHRC fellowship. His standing in the field of terrorism laws has resulted in his appointment by the Home Office as a special adviser.