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"King, Mervyn E"
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Due diligence in capital markets
[...]financial institutions in capital markets, before investing their ultimate beneficiaries’ moneys in either an equity or bond issue by a company today have to do a completely different due diligence. [...]a due diligence of companies has become all embracing—diligently studying the additives in the balance sheet, the company’s business model and the intangible assets. [...]the institutions participating in capital market transactions involving company shares or bonds have to exercise great care in their due diligence before investing their ultimate beneficiaries’ money.
Journal Article
Commonsense principles of corporate governance
Only the Almighty can do this. Because you're creating a person that has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked, and it has no conscience.\" When you think about it, that starts giving content to a director's well-known duties of good faith, clear skill, and diligence. Because wealthy families had provided the capital and many of these wealthy families were directors of companies, the public discourse moved to that they were the owners of the company, a myth that was debunked a couple of decades ago. First of all, you must deal with the primacy of the shareholder. An integrated report requires the board to actually apply its mind to this massive information that we're receiving today, to take it out of the incomprehensible language of FASB-speak and GRI [Global Reporting Institute]-speak and put it in ordinary, clear, concise, and understandable language. Because when you look at a profile of the great shareholders of today, you will find that they are pension funds, superannuation funds, insurance companies.
Journal Article
From Financial Capitalism to Sustainable Capitalism
Since the 1930s, we have looked at things through a financial lens, and I'm afraid that cannot pertain in the changed world of the 21st century. The world's top body on accounting, IFAC [the International Federation of Accountants], said that financial reporting is critical, but it's not sufficient. Any board of directors that develops a strategy and ignores how the company makes its money-and how it impacts on society and the environment-is actually failing in its duty of care to the company. In the 19th century, the concept of limited liability was developed, and the limited liability company has become the chosen medium in which business is conducted.
Journal Article
Sustainability Reporting Identifying the Global Leaders
King noted that two of the earliest breakthroughs were made in the United States: \"There were two thought leaders in Boston, Allen White and Bob Massie, who in 1995 realized, on an analysis done on companies listed on the NYSE, that 80% of the market cap is made up of assets which were not on the balance sheet, according to FASB standards. Eccles, who is also a non-executive chairman with Arabesque Asset Management, the first environmental, social, and governance (ESG) quant fund, responded, \"We use ESG information, and we've got a view on materiality that's sectorbased.
Journal Article
Key bioactive reaction products of the NO/H₂S interaction are S/N-hybrid species, polysulfides, and nitroxyl
Experimental evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) signaling pathways are intimately intertwined, with mutual attenuation or potentiation of biological responses in the cardiovascular system and elsewhere. The chemical basis of this interaction is elusive. Moreover, polysulfides recently emerged as potential mediators of H₂S/sulfide signaling, but their biosynthesis and relationship to NO remain enigmatic. We sought to characterize the nature, chemical biology, and bioactivity of key reaction products formed in the NO/sulfide system. At physiological pH, we find that NO and sulfide form a network of cascading chemical reactions that generate radical intermediates as well as anionic and uncharged solutes, with accumulation of three major products: nitrosopersulfide (SSNO⁻), polysulfides, and dinitrososulfite [N-nitrosohydroxylamine-N-sulfonate (SULFI/NO)], each with a distinct chemical biology and in vitro and in vivo bioactivity. SSNO⁻ is resistant to thiols and cyanolysis, efficiently donates both sulfane sulfur and NO, and potently lowers blood pressure. Polysulfides are both intermediates and products of SSNO⁻ synthesis/decomposition, and they also decrease blood pressure and enhance arterial compliance. SULFI/NO is a weak combined NO/nitroxyl donor that releases mainly N₂O on decomposition; although it affects blood pressure only mildly, it markedly increases cardiac contractility, and formation of its precursor sulfite likely contributes to NO scavenging. Our results unveil an unexpectedly rich network of coupled chemical reactions between NO and H₂S/sulfide, suggesting that the bioactivity of either transmitter is governed by concomitant formation of polysulfides and anionic S/N-hybrid species. This conceptual framework would seem to offer ample opportunities for the modulation of fundamental biological processes governed by redox switching and sulfur trafficking.
Journal Article
Prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of silver dressings to enhance healing of acute diabetes-related foot ulcers
Aims/hypothesis
Silver dressings are used for their antimicrobial properties but there is limited evidence of clinical benefit when managing diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFUs). We aimed to assess whether silver dressings in acute DFUs increased the proportion of ulcers healed compared with non-silver dressings.
Methods
In this open-labelled, randomised controlled trial, consecutive individuals who presented to a tertiary multidisciplinary diabetic foot service with a DFU without osteomyelitis or tendon on view of <6 weeks’ duration were randomised 1:1 via a computer-generated randomisation process to receive Acticoat (Smith & Nephew, England) dressing (silver group) or dressing without silver (control group) in addition to standard care. Stratified randomisation was performed to ensure that the presence of peripheral arterial disease and infection were equally managed within the two groups. The primary outcome was the proportion of ulcers healed at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included time to heal and to 50% ulcer reduction, rates of osteomyelitis and amputation, and need for and duration of antibiotics.
Results
Seventy-six ulcers (55 participants) in the control group and 91 ulcers (63 participants) in the silver group were included. There was no difference in the proportion of ulcers healed by 12 weeks in the control vs silver group (75% vs 69%,
p=
0.49). After adjustment for presence of peripheral arterial disease, infection and initial ulcer size, silver dressing was not associated with odds of healing (OR 0.92; CI 0.26, 3.22;
p
=0.53). There was no difference in time to healing, progression to osteomyelitis, need for amputation, or duration of or need for antibiotic treatment.
Conclusions/interpretation
In individuals with acute DFUs without osteomyelitis or tendon on view, Acticoat silver dressings did not improve wound healing or reduce need for antibiotics compared with non-silver dressings.
Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614001234606
Funding
Australian Diabetes Society—unrestricted research award
Graphical abstract
Journal Article