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This article examines the relationship between Cold War national liberation groups through their shared material and visual culture. Using China, Cuba, and Palestinian groups as its case studies, it reveals how Third World militants forged transnational associative networks in part through the transmission of cultural productions that reflected common values, assumptions, and metaphors. In Global South iconography, the AK-47 rifle became shorthand for a revolutionary transnationalism. The rifle is among the most iconic images in the world, even among those who have never seen one in person, and its use as a symbol is imbued with complex political meaning. While artists, themes, and ideologies varied widely in revolutionary art, the AK-47 was a metaphoric bridge between these groups and became a focal point of imagery for national liberation and transnational solidarity. Rather than demonstrating allegiance to the Soviet Union, the repetitious use of the rifle in visual culture became a way for revolutionary groups to stake out place as an imagined community across the Global South.

In 1952, West Germans and Americans held a joint, year-long observation celebrating the centennial of the arrival of German-born Carl Schurz in the USA. The collaborative, transatlantic celebration served to publicize a historical and cultural relationship between the German and American peoples through the memory of Carl Schurz. State and non-state participants publicly remembered Schurz as the quintessential German–American and a “bridge character” that transcended national borders, occupied an important ideological space, legitimized the Cold War relationship between erstwhile enemies, and perpetuated an on-going process to construct a transnational, cultural identity rooted in Western liberal-democratic political culture. For the US government, the historical character of Carl Schurz also became a means of promoting a liberal heritage in the face of on-going Soviet accusations of American imperialism, warmongering, and poor race relations.

Perinatal stroke occurs early in life and often leads to a permanent, disabling weakness to one side of the body. To test the hypothesis that non-lesioned hemisphere sensorimotor network structural connectivity in children with perinatal stroke is different from controls, we used diffusion imaging and graph theory to explore structural topology between these populations. Children underwent diffusion and anatomical 3T MRI. Whole-brain tractography was constrained using a brain atlas creating an adjacency matrix containing connectivity values. Graph theory metrics including betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, and both neighbourhood and hierarchical complexity of sensorimotor nodes were compared to controls. Relationships between these connectivity metrics and validated sensorimotor assessments were explored. Eighty-five participants included 27 with venous stroke (mean age = 11.5 ± 3.7 years), 26 with arterial stroke (mean age = 12.7 ± 4.0 years), and 32 controls (mean age = 13.3 ± 3.6 years). Non-lesioned primary motor (M1), somatosensory (S1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas demonstrated lower betweenness centrality and higher clustering coefficient in stroke groups. Clustering coefficient of M1, S1, and SMA were inversely associated with clinical motor function. Hemispheric betweenness centrality and clustering coefficient were higher in stroke groups compared to controls. Hierarchical and average neighbourhood complexity across the hemisphere were lower in stroke groups. Developmental plasticity alters the connectivity of key nodes within the sensorimotor network of the non-lesioned hemisphere following perinatal stroke and contributes to clinical disability.

Developmental lateralization of brain function is imperative for behavioral specialization, yet few studies have investigated differences between hemispheres in structural connectivity patterns, especially over the course of development. The present study compares the lateralization of structural connectivity patterns, or topology, across children, adolescents, and young adults. We applied a graph theory approach to quantify key topological metrics in each hemisphere including efficiency of information transfer between regions (global efficiency), clustering of connections between regions (clustering coefficient [CC]), presence of hub‐nodes (betweenness centrality [BC]), and connectivity between nodes of high and low complexity (hierarchical complexity [HC]) and investigated changes in these metrics during development. Further, we investigated BC and CC in seven functionally defined networks. Our cross‐sectional study consisted of 211 participants between the ages of 6 and 21 years with 93% being right‐handed and 51% female. Global efficiency, HC, and CC demonstrated a leftward lateralization, compared to a rightward lateralization of BC. The sensorimotor, default mode, salience, and language networks showed a leftward asymmetry of CC. BC was only lateralized in the salience (right lateralized) and dorsal attention (left lateralized) networks. Only a small number of metrics were associated with age, suggesting that topological organization may stay relatively constant throughout school‐age development, despite known underlying changes in white matter properties. Unlike many other imaging biomarkers of brain development, our study suggests topological lateralization is consistent across age, highlighting potential nonlinear mechanisms underlying developmental specialization. Understanding biomarkers of brain development in typically developing populations is essential to identifying signatures of pathology. Further, with a vast literature supporting lateralization of neurological function, knowledge of mechanisms of brain lateralization in children is necessary to help further understand different neurological disorders. With contemporary studies highlighting the relevance and importance of white matter connectomics, we used whole brain tractography in a group of typically developing children and adolescents to assess structural brain network differences between the left and right hemispheres. Our results may provide a “baseline” of lateralization of structural connectivity patterns in a healthy population that can be used as a reference for the multitude of neurological disorders that affect millions of children across the world.

Back pain is one of the largest drivers of workplace injury and lost productivity in industries around the world. Back injuries were one of the leading reasons in resulting in days away from work at 38.5% across all occupations, increasing for manual laborers to 43%. While the cause of the back pain can vary across occupations, for materiel movers it is often caused from repetitive poor lifting. To reduce the issues, the Aerial Porter Exoskeleton (APEx) was created. The APEx uses a hip-mounted, powered exoskeleton attached to an adjustable vest. An onboard computer calculates the configuration of the user to determine when to activate. Lift form is assisted by using a novel lumbar brace mounted on the sides of the hips. Properly worn, the APEx holds the user upright while providing additional hip torque through a lift. This was tested by having participants complete a lifting test with the exoskeleton worn in the “on” configuration compared with the exoskeleton not worn. The APEx has been shown to deliver 30 Nm of torque in lab testing. The activity recognition algorithm has also been shown to be accurate in 95% of tested conditions. When worn by subjects, testing has shown average peak reductions of 14.9% BPM, 8% in VO2 consumption, and an 8% change in perceived effort favoring the APEx.

Gender identity is an abstract component of one’s identity, yet a person’s physical appearance can be a significant source of anxiety and dysphoria or acceptance and integration. Distinct from individuals’ sex assigned at birth, gender identities refer to the internal sense of self. The social construct of gender identity, however, has been predominantly understood as a continuum or dichotomy of masculinity and femininity. According to J. Butler, gender is a performative act with a basis that lies in socialization, whereas sex is a biological categorization of male, female, or intersex according to scientific indicators, including external genitalia, gonads, internal reproductive organs, and sex chromosomes. When working with transgender people of color, A. A. Singh and V. S. McKleroy note the importance of understanding their resilience and how it may have helped them navigate challenges related to race and ethnicity in addition to gender identity. For affirming care, practitioners need to integrate understanding of intersectionality into their practice.

This chapter demonstrates that the process of diagramming youth's social environments facilitates the identification of the people to whom they want to come out and the potential relational support and loss in doing so. It explains that the emphasis on privileging clients' own perspective of their world is especially empowering for youth. The chapter focuses on an activity to help youth visualize their social environment in order to assist them with managing the disclosure of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity to others. When used with sexual and/or gender minority individuals, ecomaps provide a baseline for discussion of relational processes, disruptions in family and social relationships, experiences of homophobia and discrimination tied to specific individuals, and the relationship individuals and their families have with other social systems. As therapy progresses, the ecomap should be used to guide interventions relating to the disclosure of the youth's sexual orientation and/or gender identity.

The COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) is a growing resource of scientific papers on COVID-19 and related historical coronavirus research. CORD-19 is designed to facilitate the development of text mining and information retrieval systems over its rich collection of metadata and structured full text papers. Since its release, CORD-19 has been downloaded over 200K times and has served as the basis of many COVID-19 text mining and discovery systems. In this article, we describe the mechanics of dataset construction, highlighting challenges and key design decisions, provide an overview of how CORD-19 has been used, and describe several shared tasks built around the dataset. We hope this resource will continue to bring together the computing community, biomedical experts, and policy makers in the search for effective treatments and management policies for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) is a growing resource of scientific papers on COVID-19 and related historical coronavirus research. CORD-19 is designed to facilitate the development of text mining and information retrieval systems over its rich collection of metadata and structured full text papers. Since its release, CORD-19 has been downloaded over 200K times and has served as the basis of many COVID-19 text mining and discovery systems. In this article, we describe the mechanics of dataset construction, highlighting challenges and key design decisions, provide an overview of how CORD-19 has been used, and describe several shared tasks built around the dataset. We hope this resource will continue to bring together the computing community, biomedical experts, and policy makers in the search for effective treatments and management policies for COVID-19.