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"Kirchner, Andreas"
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Hydrodynamization of charm quarks in heavy-ion collisions
Heavy quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) in heavy-ion collisions are initially produced out of kinetic equilibrium via hard partonic scattering processes. However, recent measurements of anisotropic flow of charmed hadrons pose the question regarding the thermalization of heavy quarks in the quarkgluon plasma (QGP). Exploiting a mapping between transport theory and fluid dynamics, we develop a fluid-dynamic description for charm quarks and show results for charm-hadron momentum distributions. Inspired by recent Lattice-QCD (LQCD) calculations, we show that a late hydrodynamization within the lifetime of the QGP is possible also for beauty quarks.
Journal Article
Boethius as a Paradigm of Late Ancient Thought
Boethius is largely underrated in the history of Western thought. Scholarship often regarded him and his era - Late Antiquity -as mere intermediaries between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. This volume shows that Boethius and his time can be appreciated in their own right.
eBook
Summary of the Soil Reinforcement Technical Committee Special Session (IGS TC-R)
This document provides a summary of the different topics presented at the Special Session organized by the International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) Technical Committee on Soil Reinforcement (TC-R). This Special Session brings together very interesting studies regarding soil reinforcement in the field of geosynthetics. Studies presented include topics both from theoretical and practical points of view of reinforcement geosynthetics including general products and applications, cases studies on road embankments under challenging site boundary conditions, research on deterministic and probabilistic design of reinforced fills over voids, numerical analysis of reinforced soil wall structures, encased granular column technique, and geosynthetic-reinforced bridge abutment behavior.
Journal Article
The relevance of the detection of troponins to the forensic diagnosis of cardiac contusion
The forensic diagnosis of cardiac contusion has hitherto been based mainly on anamnesis, concomitant thoracic injuries and the detection of macroscopic changes to the heart. Parallel histological and serological investigations of the heart-specific troponins have been conducted with varying results. This paper aims to show whether heart-specific troponins are suitable as a means of securing the diagnosis in proven cases of cardiac contusion and of determining which of the three heart-specific troponins cTnT, cTnI and cTnC are most significant in serology and histology for postmortem diagnosis.
In the study, 25 cases of known cardiac contusion and 11 controls without vital myocardial trauma taken from autopsy material were prospectively investigated. Investigation of the venous serum revealed significant differences in the concentrations of the case and control groups for troponin T (mean value 5.5056 versus 0.4982;
p
=
0.014), for troponin C (mean value 263.9280 versus 68.5640;
p
=
0.001) and for troponin I (mean value 1404.0560 versus 36.1650;
p
=
0.003). In histology there are also significantly different depletions between the groups investigated (cTnT:
p
=
0.002; cTnC:
p
=
0.003; cTnI:
p
<
0.001) taking into account the autolysis time.
Journal Article
Eltern - Lehrer - Schulerfolg
Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für \"Eltern - Lehrer - Schulerfolg\" verfügbar.
eBook
Signals for fluctuating constituent numbers in small systems
We propose an extension of the initial condition model TRENTo for sampling the number of partons inside the nucleons that participate in a heavy-ion collision. This sampling method is based on parton distribution functions (PDFs) and therefore has a natural dependence on the momentum transferred in the collision and the scale being probed during the collision. We examine the resulting distributions and their dependence on the momentum transfer. Additionally, we explore the sensitivity of different observables on the number of partons using the TRENTo framework and the estimators available therein for final-state observables.
Paper
Evidence for dynamical chiral condensate in high-energy heavy ion collisions
Quantum chromodynamics with light quarks features an approximate global symmetry, known as chiral symmetry, that is believed to be spontaneously broken by the vacuum expectation value of a scalar and isoscalar composite field, in addition to a small explicit breaking due to finite quark masses. For a high enough temperature, as achieved in the early universe or the fireball created by a high-energy heavy ion collision, this symmetry is expected to be restored. We show theoretically that a coherent deviation of the corresponding quantum field from its usual vacuum expectation value on the freeze-out hypersurface of a heavy-ion collision leads, after resonance decays, to a characteristic contribution to the transverse momentum spectrum of charged pions, in the very soft regime, consistent with experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. Taken together, the experimental data with the new theoretical results provide compelling support for the existence of a chiral condensation mechanism with partial restoration of chiral symmetry at high temperature.
Paper
Impact parameter dependence of anisotropic flow: Bayesian reconstruction in ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions
Peculiar phenomena have been observed in analyses of anisotropic flow (\\(v_n\\)) fluctuations in ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions: The fourth-order cumulant of the elliptic flow (\\(v_2\\)) distribution changes sign. In addition, the ATLAS collaboration has shown that cumulants of \\(v_n\\) fluctuations of all orders depend significantly on the centrality estimator. We show that these peculiarities are due to the fact that the impact parameter \\(b\\) always spans a finite range for a fixed value of the centrality estimator. We provide a quantitative determination of this range through a simple Bayesian analysis. We obtain excellent fits of STAR and ATLAS data, with a few parameters, by assuming that the probability distribution of \\(v_n\\) solely depends on \\(b\\) at a given centrality. This probability distribution is almost Gaussian, and its parameters depend smoothly on \\(b\\), in a way that is constrained by symmetry and scaling laws. We reconstruct, thus, the impact parameter dependence of the mean elliptic flow in the reaction plane in a model-independent manner, and assess the robustness of the extraction using Monte Carlo simulations of the collisions where the impact parameter is known. We argue that the non-Gaussianity of \\(v_n\\) fluctuations gives direct information on the hydrodynamic response to initial anisotropies, ATLAS data being consistent with a smaller response for \\(n=4\\) than for \\(n=2\\) and \\(n=3\\), in agreement with hydrodynamic calculations.
Paper