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The possibilities of using optical spectroscopy methods in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer were investigated. Analytical discrimination models of Raman spectra of prostate tissue were constructed by using the projections onto latent structures data analysis(PLS-DA) method for different wavelengths of exciting radiation—532 and 785 nm. These models allowed us to divide the Raman spectra of prostate cancer and the spectra of hyperplasia sites for validation datasets with the accuracy of 70–80%, depending on the specificity value. Meanwhile, for the calibration datasets, the accuracy values reached 100% for the excitation of a laser with a wavelength of 785 nm. Due to the registration of Raman “fingerprints”, the main features of cellular metabolism occurring in the tissue of a malignant prostate tumor were confirmed, namely the absence of aerobic glycolysis, over-expression of markers (FASN, SREBP1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, etc.), and a strong increase in the concentration of cholesterol and its esters, as well as fatty acids and glutamic acid. The presence of an ensemble of Raman peaks with increased intensity, inherent in fatty acid, beta-glucose, glutamic acid, and cholesterol, is a fundamental factor for the identification of prostate cancer.

In recent years, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recognized as a promising method for treatment of different diseases associated with inflammation and sclerosis, which include nephrotuberculosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of MSCs in the complex therapy of experimental rabbit kidney tuberculosis and to evaluate the effect of cell therapy on the reparative processes. Methods: To simulate kidney tuberculosis, a suspension of the standard strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (106 CFU) was used, which was injected into the cortical layer of the lower pole parenchyma of the left kidney under ultrasound control in rabbits. Anti-tuberculosis therapy (aTBT) was started on the 18th day after infection. MSCs (5 × 107 cells) were transplanted intravenously after the start of aTBT. Results: 2.5 months after infection, all animals showed renal failure. Conducted aTBT significantly reduced the level of albumin, ceruloplasmin, elastase and the severity of disorders in the proteinase/inhibitor system and increased the productive nature of inflammation. A month after MSC transplantation, the level of inflammatory reaction activity proteins decreased, the area of specific and destructive inflammation in kidneys decreased and the formation of mature connective tissue was noted, which indicates the reparative reaction activation.

A study of the influence of chronic alcohol intoxication, constant illumination and their combined effects on the morphofunctional state of the rat liver and the circadian rhythms (CR) of the studied parameters of the organism was carried out. It was found that both alcohol and constant illumination caused significant changes in the structure of the liver, as well as in the circadian rhythmicity of micromorphometric parameters of hepatocytes, ALT, and total and direct bilirubin rhythms; however, the combined effects of ethanol and constant illumination had the most significant effect on the studied parameters of the organism. These two factors caused disturbances in the circadian rhythms of the micromorphometric parameters of hepatocytes, disruption of the circadian rhythms of total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, and direct and total bilirubin, as well as disturbances in the expression and rhythmicity of the studied clock genes against a background of the development of an inflammatory process in the liver.

Light pollution has become a serious problem in many urbanized areas of the world. The impact of prolonged exposure to light and consequent disruption of natural circadian rhythms has significant health implications. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of prolonged exposure to light, simulating urban light pollution, on liver health. In order to evaluate the effect of prolonged exposure to light, we examined the morphofunctional state, immunohistochemical and micromorphometric parameters of rat liver in normal conditions and following prolonged lighting exposure. Our results show that nocturnal light disruption triggers a cell death in the liver within 3 weeks (necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes) and stimulates a change in normal cellular karyometric parameters. At the same time, intracellular regeneration takes place within the organ, which manifests through hepatocyte hypertrophy. Under the influence of constant illumination, the circadian rhythms (CRs) of the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei are restructured, and the rhythm of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio is destroyed. The destruction of the CR of expression of p53 and Ki-67 also occurs against the background of the rearrangement of the daily rhythmicity of Per2 and Bmal1 . The revealed changes in the morphofunctional state of the liver under the influence of light pollution indicate that a violation of normal illumination regimes is a potent factor leading to significant structural changes in the liver.

The article discusses the experience of using the iSpring Suite 9 computer platform as an information tool for conducting distance classes with second-year students in the training for “Business Informatics”. Self-isolation requirements in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic have required the development and use of innovative remote learning methods. The need to conduct practical classes on solving technical problems with mandatory time control and prompt receipt of the results of the solution by the teacher determined the requirements for the choice of a computer program as a tool for providing distance work in the field of education. As a result, the choice was made in favor of the corporate training platform iSpring. According to the results of the spring semester, the experience of working with iSpring Suite 9 in creating electronic tests and conducting practical exercises in distance mode was recognized as successful and will be used in the future to conduct classes with students of the distance department of Novosibirsk State Technical University.

The study presents a bioindication complex and a technology of the experiment based on a submersible digital holographic camera with advanced monitoring capabilities for the study of plankton and its behavioral characteristics in situ. Additional mechanical and software options expand the capabilities of the digital holographic camera, thus making it possible to adapt the depth of the holographing scene to the parameters of the plankton habitat, perform automatic registration of the “zero” frame and automatic calibration, and carry out natural experiments with plankton photostimulation. The paper considers the results of a long-term digital holographic experiment on the biotesting of the water area in Arctic latitudes. It shows additional possibilities arising during the spectral processing of long time series of plankton parameters obtained during monitoring measurements by a submersible digital holographic camera. In particular, information on the rhythmic components of the ecosystem and behavioral characteristics of plankton, which can be used as a marker of the ecosystem well-being disturbance, is thus obtained.

Our previous studies showed that the change in the plankton response to light could be an indicator of environmental pollution. This study experimentally reveals that the response of Daphnia magna Straus and Daphnia pulex plankton ensembles to photostimulation depends on the intensity of the attracting light. This makes it difficult to identify the occurrence and change of pollutant concentration. The large variability in the magnitude of the behavioral response is caused by the nonlinear response of plankton ensembles to the intensity of the attractor stimulus. As the intensity of the photostimulation increases, the variability of the phototropic response passes through increase, decrease, and relative stabilization phases. The paper proposes a modification of the photostimulation method—paired photostimulation involving successive exposure to two photostimuli of increasing intensity. The first stimulus stabilizes the behavioral response, while the increase in response to the second stimulus makes it possible to more accurately assess the responsiveness of the plankton ensemble. The paper studies the sensitivity of the method of paired stimulation of the behavioral response of different types of freshwater plankton ensembles: Daphnia magna Straus, Daphnia pulex to the effects of pollutants (potassium bichromate, microplastic). The study demonstrates good reliability and increased sensitivity of this method of detecting changes in environmental toxicity compared to single photostimulation or traditional bioindication through the survival rate of test organisms.

Our earlier studies showed that paired photostimulation allows the detection of pollutants in an aqueous medium according to the behavioral responses of freshwater Crustacea. The first stimulus initiated and stabilized the behavioral response. The increase in response to the second stimulus made it possible to assess the responsiveness of the zooplankton community. This paper studies the validity of this method for the detection of micro- and nanoplastic contamination of saltwater reservoirs according to the behavioral response of Artemia salina and Moina salina crustaceans. The studies were conducted in laboratory conditions using a submersible holographic camera developed by us, which ensures the in situ detection of the concentration and speed of crustaceans in a volume of up to 1 dm3, as well as makes it possible to change the intensity and duration of the attracting light. It was established that the phototropic response of crustaceans decreases in seawater at the cumulative dose of exposure to microplastics—0.15 mg∙dm−3∙h and nanoplastics—0.3 mg∙dm−3∙h. The paired photostimulation reveals the altering effect of micro- and nanoplastics in the saltwater medium no later than 3 h after their appearance, which indicates the promising potential of this method for the alarm response in monitoring the environmental well-being of water bodies.

Current trends in the application of bioindication methods are related to the use of submersible tools that perform real‐time measurements directly in the studied aquatic environment. The methods based on the registration of changes in the behavioral responses of zooplankton, in particular Crustaceans, which make up the vast majority of the biomass in water areas, seem quite promising. However, the multispecies composition of natural planktonic biocenoses poses the need to consider the potential difference in the sensitivity of organisms to pollutants. This paper describes laboratory studies of the phototropic response of plankton to attracting light. The studies were carried out on a model natural community that in equal amounts includes Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, and Cyclops vicinus, as well as on the monoculture groups of these species. The phototropic response was initiated by the attracting light with a wavelength of 532 nm close to the local maximum of the reflection spectrum of chlorella microalgae. Standard potassium bichromate was used as the model pollutant. The largest phototropic response value is registered in the assemblage. The concentration growth rate of crustaceans in the illuminated volume was 4.5 ± 0.3 ind (L min)−1. Of the studied species, the phototropic response was mostly expressed in Daphnia magna (3.7 ± 0.4 ind (L min)−1), while in Daphnia pulex, it was reduced to 2.4 ± 0.2 ind (L min)−1, and in Cyclops vicinus, it was very small—0.16 ± 0.02 ind (L min)−1. This is caused by peculiar trophic behavior of phyto‐ and zoophages. The addition of a pollutant, namely potassium bichromate, caused a decrease in the concentration rate of crustaceans in the attracting light zone, while a dose‐dependent change in phototropic responses was observed in a group of species and the Daphnia magna assemblage. The results of laboratory studies showed high potential of using the phototropic response of zooplankton to monitor the quality of its habitat thus ensuring the early diagnostics of water pollution. Besides, the paper shows the possibility of quantifying the phototropic response of zooplankton using submersible digital holographic cameras (DHC). This paper describes laboratory studies of the phototropic response of plankton to attracting light. The studies were carried out on a model natural community that in equal amounts includes Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, and Cyclops vicinus, as well as on the monoculture groups of these species. The phototropic response was initiated by the attracting light with a wavelength of 532 nm close to the local maximum of the reflection spectrum of chlorella microalgae. The results of laboratory studies showed high potential of using the phototropic response of zooplankton to monitor the quality of its habitat thus ensuring the early diagnostics of water pollution.

The molecular mechanisms controlling human hair growth and scalp hair loss are poorly understood. By screening about 350,000 individuals in two populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we identified a gene mutation in families who show an inherited form of hair loss and a hair growth defect. Affected individuals were homozygous for a deletion in the LIPH gene on chromosome 3q27, caused by short interspersed nuclear element-retrotransposon-mediated recombination. The LIPH gene is expressed in hair follicles and encodes a phospholipase called lipase H (alternatively known as membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-selective phospholipase A1α), an enzyme that regulates the production of bioactive lipids. These results suggest that lipase H participates in hair growth and development.