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Objectives. To identify electroencephalographic correlates of decision-making features in patients with alcohol dependence. Materials and methods. The clinical group consisted of 40 patients (all men) with alcohol dependence; a further 30 subjects formed the control group. The Cambridge Game Task and the Iowa Game Task were used to study decision-making functions. In addition, the background electroencephalogram was recorded and absolute spectral power indicators were calculated. Results. Among patients with alcohol dependence, relatively high levels of decision-making logic (65 [50; 80]%, p < 0.05) were found to be associated with greater levels of electroencephalogram θ- and α-band spectral power in the central and parieto-occipital leads (R = 0.426, p = 0.019; R = 0.418, p = 0.022; R = 0.394, p = 0.028 and R = 0.445, p = 0.014; R = 0.458, p = 0.011; R = 0.382, p = 0.035, respectively). Difficulties in making decisions based on emotional learning in patients with alcohol dependence were associated with high spectral power levels in the electroencephalogram β rhythm in the temporal leads. Conclusions. This study showed that deficit in decision-making functions in patients with alcoholism may be due to an imbalance in the mechanisms of inhibition and arousal in the brain.

Objective. To identify the characteristics and possible differences in the clinical signs and electroencephalographic parameters in alcohol dependence without and with comorbid affective disorders. Materials and methods. A total of 95 patients with established diagnoses of alcohol dependence took part in the study; of these, 74 had no concomitant affective disorders and 21 had comorbid affective disorders. Histories included the duration of alcohol dependence, the duration of affective disorders, the number of hospital admissions, and the number of suicide attempts. Studies of mental state in patients used a number of psychometric instruments: the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales (HARS, HDRS), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scale for the risk of alcohol abuse, and the Clinical General Impression scale (CGI-s). Brain bioelectrical activity was investigated using a 16-channel electroencephalograph. Baseline EEG traces were recorded and absolute spectral power levels and coherence in the α, β, and θ ranges were analyzed. Results and conclusions. Patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid affective disorders were characterized by high risk of suicidal behavior, a higher frequency of hospitalization, and higher levels of anxiety than patients suffering only alcohol dependence. The electrophysiological data showed that patients with these comorbidities, in contrast to patients without them, had higher spectral power in the α rhythm in all areas of the cerebral cortex (except the temporal lobes) and the β rhythm in the occipital cortex, along with increases in interhemisphere coherence in all frequency ranges.

Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange 1 , a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a considerable challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distances on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that, in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, in which quarks and gluons are set free over an extended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely ϕ and K *0 , emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. In particular, the global spin alignment for ϕ is unexpectedly large, whereas that for K *0 is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment pattern and magnitude for ϕ cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, whereas a model with a connection to strong force fields 2 – 6 , that is, an effective proxy description within the standard model and quantum chromodynamics, accommodates the current data. This connection, if fully established, will open a potential new avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields. At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, observations of two meson species produced by heavy-ion collisions, ϕ and K *0 , show surprising patterns of global spin alignment, being unexpectedly large and consistent with zero, respectively.

The study of p+Au collisions at 30 GeV laboratory beam energy is considered as a part of the CBM research program and will be performed in the first phase of FAIR with a start version of the CBM detector at SIS-100. Results of J/[Psi] reconstruction feasibility studies in dimuon channel in proton-nuclear collisions at SIS 100 energies are presented. The simulated detector concept includes STS and MuCh detectors. The study was performed for a wide range of MuCh detector inefficiency. Also the influence of MuCh stations misalignment on the charmonium reconstruction efficiency was studied. The algorithm allows to reconstruct J/[Psi] with an efficiency of 31.3 % and the signal to the background ratio of 24.4.

The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels:$${\\bar{p}}p \\rightarrow {\\bar{\\varLambda }}\\varLambda $$p ¯ p → Λ ¯ Λ and$${\\bar{p}}p \\rightarrow {\\bar{\\varXi }}^+\\varXi ^-$$p ¯ p → Ξ ¯ + Ξ - . The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.

This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors,$$|G_{E}|$$| G E | and$$|G_{M}|$$| G M | , using the$$\\bar{p} p \\rightarrow \\mu ^{+} \\mu ^{-}$$p ¯ p → μ + μ - reaction at$$\\overline{\\text {P}}\\text {ANDA}$$P ¯ ANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at$$\\overline{\\text {P}}\\text {ANDA}$$P ¯ ANDA , using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is$$\\bar{p} p \\rightarrow \\pi ^{+} \\pi ^{-}$$p ¯ p → π + π - , due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented.

Measurements of the kinematic distributions of J / ψ mesons produced in p –C, p –Ti and p –W collisions at in the Feynman- x region −0.34< x F <0.14 and for transverse momentum up to p T =5.4 GeV/c are presented. The x F and p T dependencies of the nuclear suppression parameter, α , are also given. The results are based on 2.4×10 5 J / ψ mesons reconstructed in both the e + e − and μ + μ − decay channels. The data have been collected by the HERA-B experiment at the HERA proton ring of the DESY laboratory. The measurement explores the negative region of x F for the first time. The average value of α in the measured x F region is 0.981±0.015. The data suggest that the strong nuclear suppression of J / ψ production previously observed at high x F turns into an enhancement at negative x F .