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With the heart diamond that sustains the land beginning to fall apart and Diancie lacking the strength to create a new one, Ash and his friends try to help Diancie and stop Yveltal, a legendary Pokémon that has reawakened.

Plasmas are ionized gases that contain negative electrons, positive ions, and electromagnetic fields. These constituents can oscillate in position over time, carrying energy as plasma waves. In principle, such waves could transfer energy between two different ion populations. Kitamura et al. analyzed data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, a group of four spacecraft that are flying in tight formation through Earth's magnetosphere. They discovered an event in which energy was transferred from hydrogen ions to plasma waves and then from the waves to helium ions. This energy transfer process is likely to occur in many other plasma environments. Science , this issue p. 1000 Energy transfer between H + ions, plasma waves, and He + ions is observed in a space plasma. Particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation are fundamental energy and momentum exchange processes in collisionless plasmas. Such wave-particle interactions occur ubiquitously in space. We present ultrafast measurements in Earth’s magnetosphere by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft that enabled quantitative evaluation of energy transfer in interactions associated with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. The observed ion distributions are not symmetric around the magnetic field direction but are in phase with the plasma wave fields. The wave-ion phase relations demonstrate that a cyclotron resonance transferred energy from hot protons to waves, which in turn nonresonantly accelerated cold He + to energies up to ~2 kilo–electron volts. These observations provide direct quantitative evidence for collisionless energy transfer in plasmas between distinct particle populations via wave-particle interactions.

During the May 2024 storm, the minimum Dst index was approximately −412 nT, marking the largest geomagnetic storm of the past decade. This event caused the inner edge of the ring current to penetrate deeply into the inner magnetosphere during the main phase of the storm. We present observations of high‐frequency electromagnetic ion cyclotron (HF EMIC) wave activity during this intense geomagnetic storm using data from the Arase satellite. Arase observations showed that HF EMIC waves with frequencies of 5–36 Hz at L ∼ 2, occurred mainly during the main and early‐recovery phases. The minimum resonance energy of energetic protons and relativistic electrons associated with HF EMIC waves suggests their potential to cause the loss of relativistic electrons in the low L‐shell region. Our observations provide new insights into the generation of EMIC waves and the dynamics of energetic particles at low L‐shells in the inner magnetosphere. Plain Language Summary Intense geomagnetic storms can transport energetic particles into the deep inner magnetosphere, generating various magnetospheric plasma waves in regions close to the Earth. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves play an important role in controlling the dynamics of charged particles in the inner magnetosphere. In particular, EMIC waves can cause the loss of relativistic electrons and ring current ions. In this study, we present observations of high‐frequency (HF) EMIC waves during the May 2024 storm using data from the Arase satellite. Remarkably, these HF EMIC waves were detected in the deep inner magnetosphere during the main and early‐recovery phases of the storm and exhibited unusually high frequencies. The minimum resonance energy of HF EMIC waves suggests their capability to cause the loss of energetic protons and relativistic electrons in the low L‐shell region. The present results provide new insights into the generation processes and wave‐particle interactions of HF EMIC waves in the deep inner magnetosphere. Key Points High‐frequency (HF) EMIC waves were observed at regions close to Earth during a severe geomagnetic storm Most of HF EMIC waves occurred during the main and early‐recovery phase of the storm with the highest wave frequency HF EMIC waves at low L‐shells have the potential to cause loss of relativistic electrons in the slot regions of the radiation belt

We use the Polar Wind Outflow Model (PWOM) to study the geomagnetically quiet conditions in the polar cap during solar maximum. The PWOM solves the gyrotropic transport equations for O+, H+, and He+ along several magnetic field lines in the polar region in order to reconstruct the full 3D solution. We directly compare our simulation results to the data based empirical model of Kitamura et al. (2011) of electron density which is based on 63 months of Akebono satellite observations. The modeled ion and electron temperatures are also compared with a statistical compilation of quiet time data obtained by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) and Intercosmos Satellites. The data and model agree reasonably well, albeit with some differences. This study shows that photoelectrons play an important role in explaining the differences between sunlit and dark results of electron density, ion composition, as well as ion and electron temperatures of the quiet time polar wind solution. Moreover, these results provide an initial validation of the PWOM's ability to model the quiet time “background” solution. Key Points Photoelectrons play a role in the difference between sunlit and dark polar wind O+ is the main polar wind species up to at least 8000 km under sunlit conditions We present an initial validation of the quiet time PWOM solution

Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune systemic diseases characterized by muscle weakness and inflammatory cell infiltration into skeletal muscle. Myocardial involvement is a common cause of death in PM/DM. It has been reported that myocardial involvement is observed in 9% to 72% of PM/DM [1], but it is still unclear. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography are the most often used tests to evaluate cardiac abnormalities, but early detection of myocardial involvement in PM/DM is difficult. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noninvasive technique that has been efficiently evaluated in early myocarditis [2]. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging evaluated at T1 remains one of the most important MRI techniques in the setting of suspected myocarditis [3], and the presence of LGE denotes tissue inflammation, necrosis, and early fibrosis [4,5]. Contrast-enhanced T1 mapping can calculate extracellular volume (ECV) fraction and is used for evaluation of myocardial fibrosis and scar [6]. T2 mapping is used for the evaluation of myocardial edema in association with myocardial inflammation [7]. T1, T2 and ECV are elevated in the setting of myocardial lesions. However, the evaluation of myocardial involvement in PM/DM by CMR still remains unclear and warrants investigation. This study aimed to investigate characteristics of myocardial involvement evaluated by CMR, and identify the clinical markers indicating the presence of cardiac complications in PM/DM. PM/DM patients who visited our service between January 2014 to September 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients met the 2017 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and patients with several elevated cardiac markers were included. Patients were excluded if they were complicated with other connective tissue diseases and cardiovascular diseases at the diagnosis of PM/DM. All patients performed ECG, echocardiography and CMR. Clinical and findings of CMR information were collected and statistically analyzed. The findings of CMR, such as T1, T2, LGE and ECV, were also analyzed. Twelve patients (3 patients with PM and 9 patients with DM) were enrolled in this study. ECG and echocardiography did not detect any abnormalities associated with PM/DM. However, in CMR, abnormalities indicating myocardial involvement were identified in 6 (3 patients with PM and 3 patients with DM) patients: 66.6% of patients had LGE, all patients had elevated ECV, and 33.3% of patients had elevated T2. Serum myoglobin levels were significantly elevated in patients with myocardial involvement (814.5±124.7 ng/mL vs 324.8±151.0 ng/mL, p=0.031). There were no significant differences in other cardiac markers, including serum CK, CK-MB and NT-pro-BNP, between with and without myocardial involvement. The following items were extracted as possible items for the presence of myocardial involvement: being PM (p=0.003) and anti-ARS antibodies positive (p=0.049). Our results propose that myocardial involvement is more likely to develop in PM/DM patients even if the finding of echocardiography is normal. In addition, CMR should be performed in cases of PM/DM with high myoglobin levels, considering the possibility of myocardial involvement. [1]Clin Cardiol. 2012;35:686 [2]Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:249 [3]Cardiothoracic Imaging. 2021;3:e210252 [4]J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1475 [5]Circulation. 2004;109:1250 [6]J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012;14:54 [7]Br J Radiol. 2018;91:20170825. NIL. None Declared.

Abstract We report proton-rich new isotopes obtained in the region of atomic number $Z$ = 60 produced by the projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon $^{238}$U beam at the RI Beam Factory, RIKEN. Based on the evaluation shown in the National Nuclear Data Center as of June 2025, the following 13 new isotopes have been discovered: $^{118,119}_{\\qquad \\! 57}$La, $^{119,120}_{\\qquad \\! 58}$Ce, $^{122,123}_{\\qquad \\! 59}$Pr, $^{123,124,126}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 60}$Nd, $^{125,126,127}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 61}$Pm, and $^{128}_{\\ 62}$Sm. These highly proton-rich radioactive isotopes were separated and identified using BigRIPS, the large-acceptance two-stage separator at RIKEN. Hydrogen-like ions of the isotopes of interest were transported between the production target and the first degrader, following which the ions were fully stripped to increase the purity of the new isotopes in the secondary beams. The cross sections of the highly proton-rich isotopes were deduced and compared with the predictions using semi-empirical formulas.

Abstract We report 14 proton-rich new isotopes with atomic numbers (Z) of 63–70 produced via projectile fragmentation of a 345-MeV/nucleon $^{238}$U beam at the RI Beam Factory, RIKEN, based on the new-isotope evaluation shown in the National Nuclear Data Center as of October 2025: $^{132,133}_{\\qquad \\! 63}$Eu, $^{133,134,136}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 64}$Gd, $^{136,137,138}_{\\qquad \\quad \\, \\, 65}$Tb, $^{138}_{\\ 66}$Dy, $^{143}_{\\ 67}$Ho, $^{143}_{\\ 68}$Er, $^{144}_{\\ 69}$Tm, and $^{147,148}_{\\qquad \\! 70}$Yb. These highly proton-rich radioactive isotopes were separated and identified using the large-acceptance two-stage separator, BigRIPS. A 10-µm Ta charge stripper was used in the first stage of the separator to efficiently remove less-exotic lower-Z contaminants than the isotopes of interest: Hydrogen-like and fully stripped ions were transported before and after the charge stripper, respectively. Production cross sections of the new isotopes and their neighboring nuclei were determined and compared with semi-empirical formulas, among which EPAX2.15 showed the best agreement with the experimental data.

Background: While tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) appears to be associated with the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), its precise role in the pathogenesis of NASH is not well understood. Methods: Male mice deficient in both TNF receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) (TNFRDKO mice) and wild-type mice were fed a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet or a control diet for eight weeks, maintaining isoenergetic intake. Results: MCD dietary feeding of TNFRDKO mice for eight weeks resulted in attenuated liver steatosis and fibrosis compared with control wild-type mice. In the liver, the number of activated hepatic Kupffer cells recruited was significantly decreased in TNFRDKO mice after MCD dietary feeding. In addition, hepatic induction of TNF-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 was significantly suppressed in TNFRDKO mice. While in control animals MCD dietary feeding dramatically increased mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in both whole liver and hepatic stellate cells, concomitant with enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells, both factors were significantly lower in TNFRDKO mice. In primary cultures, TNF-α administration enhanced TIMP-1 mRNA expression in activated hepatic stellate cells and suppressed apoptotic induction in activated hepatic stellate cells. Inhibition of TNF induced TIMP-1 upregulation by TIMP-1 specific siRNA reversed the apoptotic suppression seen in hepatic stellate cells. Conclusions: Enhancement of the TNF-α/TNFR mediated signalling pathway via activation of Kupffer cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in this NASH animal model.

Every year, many typhoons make landfall in Japan causing disasters on mountain slopes across the country. Rainfall induced landslides in Japan mostly occur at shallow depths. Developing simple models of rainfall-induced landslides provides a practical alternative to finite element methods in large-scale landslide modelling and prediction. Therefore, authors previously developed a simple method to calculate the advance of the wetting front into fine sand slopes subjected rainfall. However, during intense rainfall, the excess rainfall that cannot be absorbed into the soil will generate runoff on the slope surface, which has not been included in the previous model. Thus, this study integrated the model with a surface water modeling module to simulate the disasters more comprehensively. The surface water is controlled by 2D shallow water equations and the digital elevation model depression removal process. The combined model is able to provide the maps of the wetting front, surface water depth, and factor of safety of slope during rainstorms. The newly integrated model was used to simulate rainfall-induced disasters in the Gogoshima Island during the July 2018 typhoon. The simulation results disclosed that both moving of the wetting front and surface water flows contributed to shallow landslides along catchments in this island.

Characteristics of photoelectron flows and presence of a field‐aligned potential drop on the open magnetic field lines in the polar cap are systematically investigated using the data obtained by the FAST satellite during geomagnetically quiet periods in July 2002. We found high occurrence frequencies of the potential drop larger than ∼10 V, reaching ∼90% (small field‐aligned current (FAC) case) and ∼83% (all data). A typical magnitude of the potential drop above ∼3800 km altitude is ∼20 V. This value is significantly larger than the potential drop below ∼3800 km altitude (probably ∼1–3 V), although the typical potential drop is smaller by a factor of ∼2–3 in comparison to the modeling results that suggested presence of a field‐aligned potential jump at several earth radii. The net escaping electron number flux negatively correlates with the upward electron number flux and with the magnitude of the potential drop. This relation is contrary to expectation from photoelectron‐driven polar wind models that an increase in the photoelectrons drives the larger polar wind flux, since the net escaping electron number flux balances the flux of polar wind ions under zero net FAC conditions. An increase in the upward backscatter of reflected electrons with an increasing potential drop may explain the negative correlations. A potential drop at high altitudes would provide a polar wind system regulated by a negative feedback, and the most appropriate balance for polar wind ions would be achieved near the median of the reflection potential. Key Points A field‐aligned potential drop exists in the polar cap almost permanently The net electron number flux negatively correlates with the potential drop The polar wind system is regulated by a negative feedback by the potential drop