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Introduction: Choroidal metastases most often originate from breast tumors in females and lung cancer in males. Primary cutaneous tumors rarely metastasize to the uveal tract. Case Presentation: Here, we present a rare case of a 47-year-old female patient who was clinically diagnosed with a presumed choroidal metastasis of primary cutaneous melanoma. The patient presented with complaints of decreased vision in her right eye. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.7 decimal in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. Examination revealed a pigmented choroidal lesion in the parafoveal region with a prominence of 2.9 mm, orange pigment on the surface, and subretinal fluid in its projection. She had no history of active malignancy, but at the age of 36, a localized stage IB cutaneous melanoma was removed from her back. Yearly follow-up visits at the dermatologist showed no evidence of active disease. Upon diagnosis of a choroidal tumor, the patient underwent brachytherapy with a ruthenium-106 plaque in the right eye. Follow-up at the oncologist revealed a widespread disease with metastases in distant lymph nodes, liver, lung, pancreas, and brain, an uncommon pattern for primary choroidal melanomas, resembling rather the metastasis pattern of primary cutaneous melanoma. The patient was started on systemic therapy against metastatic cutaneous melanoma. At 21 months after brachytherapy and 19 months after the initiation of systemic anticancer therapy, the patient’s BCVA in the right eye returned to 1.0 decimal, the choroidal lesion reduced in size, and subretinal fluid receded. Two years after the initial presentation, all metastases were stable or decreased in size. Conclusion: This case highlights the possibility of a choroidal metastasis of cutaneous melanoma more than a decade after the first presentation of the disease and highlights the effectiveness of combined brachytherapy and systemic anticancer therapy in managing the disease.

The comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination is one of 38 European medical specialty examinations. This review aims at disclosing the specific procedures and content of the EBOD examination. It is a descriptive study summarizing the present organization of the EBOD examination. It is the 3rd largest European postgraduate medical assessment after anaesthesiology and cardiology. The master language is English for the Part 1 written test (knowledge test with 52 modified type X multiple-choice questions) (in the past the written test was also available in French and German). Ophthalmology training of minimum 4 years in a full or associated European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) member state is a prerequisite. Problem-solving skills are tested in the Part 2 oral assessment, which is a viva of 4 subjects conducted in English with support for native language whenever feasible. The comprehensive EBOD examination is one of the leading examinations organized by UEMS European Boards or Specialist Sections from the point of number of examinees, item banking, and item contents.

Background The optical accessibility of the eye and technological advances in ophthalmic diagnostics have put ophthalmology at the forefront of data-driven medicine. The focus of this study is rare eye disorders, a group of conditions whose clinical heterogeneity and geographic dispersion make data-driven, evidence-based practice particularly challenging. Inter-institutional collaboration and information sharing is crucial but the lack of standardised terminology poses an important barrier. Ontologies are computational tools that include sets of vocabulary terms arranged in hierarchical structures. They can be used to provide robust terminology standards and to enhance data interoperability. Here, we discuss the development of the ophthalmology-related component of two well-established biomedical ontologies, the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO; includes signs, symptoms and investigation findings) and the Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology (ORDO; includes rare disease nomenclature/nosology). Methods A variety of approaches were used including automated matching to existing resources and extensive manual curation. To achieve the latter, a study group including clinicians, patient representatives and ontology developers from 17 countries was formed. A broad range of terms was discussed and validated during a dedicated workshop attended by 60 members of the group. Results A comprehensive, structured and well-defined set of terms has been agreed on including 1106 terms relating to ocular phenotypes (HPO) and 1202 terms relating to rare eye disease nomenclature (ORDO). These terms and their relevant annotations can be accessed in http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org/ and http://www.orpha.net/ ; comments, corrections, suggestions and requests for new terms can be made through these websites. This is an ongoing, community-driven endeavour and both HPO and ORDO are regularly updated. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first effort of such scale to provide terminology standards for the rare eye disease community. We hope that this work will not only improve coding and standardise information exchange in clinical care and research, but also it will catalyse the transition to an evidence-based precision ophthalmology paradigm.