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Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) is a rare disease associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV) in which papillomas form along the aerodigestive tract in children. Pulmonary involvement is uncommon, but associated with worse clinical outcomes, including the rare complication of malignant transformation. We present a patient with JORRP in which lung disease underwent malignant transformation during adolescence. Our goal is to raise awareness of the potential for malignant transformation in children, as well as to familiarize pediatric radiologists with imaging features of malignant lung disease in JORRP. We advocate for the identification of the subgroup of JORPP patients with pulmonary disease who, due to increased risk for malignant transformation, may benefit from closer clinical and imaging surveillance by a multidisciplinary team.

We report the discovery and characterization of three new transiting giant planets orbiting TOI-6628, TOI-3837 and TOI-5027, and one new warm sub-Saturn orbiting TOI-2328, whose transits events were detected in the lightcurves of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space mission. By combining TESS lightcurves with ground-based photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations we confirm the planetary nature of the observed transits and radial velocity variations. TOI-6628~\\(b\\) has a mass of 0.75\\(\\)0.06~\\(M_J\\), a radius of 0.98\\(\\)0.05~\\(R_J\\) and is orbiting a metal-rich star with a period of 18.18424\\(0.00001\\) days and an eccentricity of 0.667\\(0.016\\), making it one of the most eccentric orbits of all known warm giants. TOI-3837~\\(b\\) has a mass of 0.59\\(\\)0.06~\\(M_J\\), a radius of 0.96\\(\\)0.05~\\(R_J\\) and orbits its host star every 11.88865\\(\\)0.00003~days, with a moderate eccentricity of 0.198\\(^+0.046_-0.058\\). With a mass of 2.01\\(\\)0.13~\\(M_J\\) and a radius of 0.99\\(^+0.07_-0.12\\) \\(R_J\\), TOI-5027~\\(b\\) orbits its host star in an eccentric orbit with \\(e\\)~=~0.395\\(^+0.032_-0.029\\) every 10.24368\\(0.00001\\)~days. TOI-2328~\\(b\\) is a Saturn-like planet with a mass of 0.16\\(\\)0.02~\\(M_J\\) and a radius of 0.89\\(\\)0.04~\\(R_J\\), orbiting its host star in a nearly circular orbit with \\(e\\)~=~0.057\\(^+0.046_-0.029\\) at an orbital period of 17.10197\\(0.00001\\) days. All four planets have orbital periods above 10 days, and our planet interior structure models are consistsent a rocky-icy core with a H/He envelope, providing evidence supporting the core accretion model of planet formation for this kind of planets.

To develop a new approach to the treatment of primitive neuroectodermal tumors we evaluated the effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin on the Ewing's sarcoma cell line CHP-100. Lovastatin induced neural morphology and markers including neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein. The acquisition of neural morphology required new mRNA synthesis, and cDNA microarray analysis confirmed that lovastatin altered the program of gene expression. After morphologic differentiation the cells underwent rapidly progressive apoptosis. In normal development of neuronal progenitors, differentiation signals trigger p21WAF1 accumulation, RB hypophosphorylation, enhanced RB-E2F-1 association, and G1 arrest, and these events have been shown to protect from apoptosis. In contrast, in the Ewing's sarcoma cells lovastatin triggered differentiation without causing cell cycle arrest: p21WAF1 was not induced, RB remained hyperphosphorylated, and RB protein expression and RB-E2F-1 association were markedly downregulated, suggesting that loss of an RB-regulated G1 checkpoint promoted apoptosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, adenoviral p21WAF1 decreased DNA synthesis and partially protected from lovastatin-induced cytotoxicity. The data demonstrate a new model for examining the genetic regulation of cell fate in a neural progenitor tumor and suggest a new approach to the treatment of this neoplasm.

We present the results from the first axion-like particle search conducted using a dish antenna. The experiment was conducted at room temperature and sensitive to axion-like particles in the \\(44-52\\,\\mu\\mathrm{eV}\\) range (\\(10.7 - 12.5\\,\\mathrm{GHz}\\)). The novel dish antenna geometry was proposed by the BREAD collaboration and previously used to conduct a dark photon search in the same mass range. To allow for axion-like particle sensitivity, the BREAD dish antenna was placed in a \\(3.9\\,\\mathrm{T}\\) solenoid magnet at Argonne National Laboratory. In the presence of a magnetic field, axion-like dark matter converts to photons at the conductive surface of the reflector. The signal is focused onto a custom coaxial horn antenna and read out with a low-noise radio-frequency receiver. No evidence of axion-like dark matter was observed in this mass range and we place the most stringent laboratory constraints on the axion-photon coupling strength, \\(g_{a\\gamma\\gamma}\\), in this mass range at 90\\% confidence.

We report the discovery and characterization of three new transiting giant planets orbiting TOI-6628, TOI-3837 and TOI-5027, and one new warm sub-Saturn orbiting TOI-2328, whose transits events were detected in the lightcurves of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) space mission. By combining TESS lightcurves with ground-based photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations we confirm the planetary nature of the observed transits and radial velocity variations. TOI-6628~\\(b\\) has a mass of 0.75\\(\\)0.06~\\(M_J\\), a radius of 0.98\\(\\)0.05~\\(R_J\\) and is orbiting a metal-rich star with a period of 18.18424\\(0.00001\\) days and an eccentricity of 0.667\\(0.016\\), making it one of the most eccentric orbits of all known warm giants. TOI-3837~\\(b\\) has a mass of 0.59\\(\\)0.06~\\(M_J\\), a radius of 0.96\\(\\)0.05~\\(R_J\\) and orbits its host star every 11.88865\\(\\)0.00003~days, with a moderate eccentricity of 0.198\\(^+0.046_-0.058\\). With a mass of 2.01\\(\\)0.13~\\(M_J\\) and a radius of 0.99\\(^+0.07_-0.12\\) \\(R_J\\), TOI-5027~\\(b\\) orbits its host star in an eccentric orbit with \\(e\\)~=~0.395\\(^+0.032_-0.029\\) every 10.24368\\(0.00001\\)~days. TOI-2328~\\(b\\) is a Saturn-like planet with a mass of 0.16\\(\\)0.02~\\(M_J\\) and a radius of 0.89\\(\\)0.04~\\(R_J\\), orbiting its host star in a nearly circular orbit with \\(e\\)~=~0.057\\(^+0.046_-0.029\\) at an orbital period of 17.10197\\(0.00001\\) days. All four planets have orbital periods above 10 days, and our planet interior structure models are consistsent a rocky-icy core with a H/He envelope, providing evidence supporting the core accretion model of planet formation for this kind of planets.

We present first results from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from 44 to 52 \\( eV\\) (\\(10.7 - 12.5\\, GHz\\)) using a room-temperature dish antenna setup called GigaBREAD. Dark photon dark matter converts to ordinary photons on a cylindrical metallic emission surface with area \\(0.5\\, m^2\\) and is focused by a novel parabolic reflector onto a horn antenna. Signals are read out with a low-noise receiver system. A first data taking run with 24 days of data does not show evidence for dark photon dark matter in this mass range, excluding dark photon - photon mixing parameters \\( 10^-12\\) in this range at 90% confidence level. This surpasses existing constraints by about two orders of magnitude and is the most stringent bound on dark photons in this range below 49 \\(\\)eV.

Loss of a kidney results in compensatory growth of the remaining kidney, a phenomenon of considerable clinical importance. However, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we use a multi-omic approach in a unilateral nephrectomy model in male mice to identify signaling processes associated with renal compensatory hypertrophy, demonstrating that the lipid-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is an important determinant of proximal tubule cell size and is a likely mediator of compensatory proximal tubule hypertrophy. The authors used a multi-omic approach in a mouse unilateral nephrectomy model to identify signaling processes associated with compensatory hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubule. The results indicate that PPARα is an important determinant of proximal tubule cell size and is a likely mediator of compensatory proximal tubule hypertrophy.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of wrist-worn wearable devices combined with machine learning (ML) approaches for detecting a diverse array of seizure types beyond generalized tonic–clonic (GTC), including focal, generalized, and subclinical seizures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients undergoing inpatient video-EEG monitoring at Mayo Clinic were concurrently monitored using Empatica E4 wrist-worn devices. These devices captured accelerometry, blood volume pulse, electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and heart rate. Seizures were annotated by neurologists. The data were preprocessed to experiment with various segment lengths (10 s and 60 s) and multiple feature sets. Three ML strategies, XGBoost, deep learning models (LSTM, CNN, Transformer), and ROCKET, were evaluated using leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), seizure-wise recall (SW-Recall), and false alarms per hour (FA/h). Results: Detection performance varied by seizure type and model. GTC seizures were detected most reliably (AUROC = 0.86, SW-Recall = 0.81, FA/h = 3.03). Hyperkinetic and tonic seizures showed high SW-Recall but also high FA/h. Subclinical and aware-dyscognitive seizures exhibited the lowest SW-Recall and highest FA/h. MultiROCKET and XGBoost performed best overall, though no single model was optimal for all seizure types. Longer segments (60 s) generally reduced FA/h. Feature set effectiveness varied, with multi-biosignal sets improving performance across seizure types. Conclusions: Wrist-worn wearables combined with ML can extend seizure detection beyond GTC seizures, though performance remains limited for non-motor types. Optimizing model selection, feature sets, and segment lengths, and minimizing false alarms, are key to clinical utility and real-world adoption.

Real-world performance of COVID-19 diagnostic tests under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) must be assessed. We describe overall trends in the performance of serology tests in the context of real-world implementation. Six health systems estimated the odds of seropositivity and positive percent agreement (PPA) of serology test among people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular test. In each dataset, we present the odds ratio and PPA, overall and by key clinical, demographic, and practice parameters. A total of 15,615 people were observed to have at least one serology test 14-90 days after a positive molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. We observed higher PPA in Hispanic (PPA range: 79-96%) compared to non-Hispanic (60-89%) patients; in those presenting with at least one COVID-19 related symptom (69-93%) as compared to no such symptoms (63-91%); and in inpatient (70-97%) and emergency department (93-99%) compared to outpatient (63-92%) settings across datasets. PPA was highest in those with diabetes (75-94%) and kidney disease (83-95%); and lowest in those with auto-immune conditions or who are immunocompromised (56-93%). The odds ratios (OR) for seropositivity were higher in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics (OR range: 2.59-3.86), patients with diabetes (1.49-1.56), and obesity (1.63-2.23); and lower in those with immunocompromised or autoimmune conditions (0.25-0.70), as compared to those without those comorbidities. In a subset of three datasets with robust information on serology test name, seven tests were used, two of which were used in multiple settings and met the EUA requirement of PPA ≥87%. Tests performed similarly across datasets. Although the EUA requirement was not consistently met, more investigation is needed to understand how serology and molecular tests are used, including indication and protocol fidelity. Improved data interoperability of test and clinical/demographic data are needed to enable rapid assessment of the real-world performance of in vitro diagnostic tests.

As diagnostic tests for COVID-19 were broadly deployed under Emergency Use Authorization, there emerged a need to understand the real-world utilization and performance of serological testing across the United States. Six health systems contributed electronic health records and/or claims data, jointly developed a master protocol, and used it to execute the analysis in parallel. We used descriptive statistics to examine demographic, clinical, and geographic characteristics of serology testing among patients with RNA positive for SARS-CoV-2. Across datasets, we observed 930,669 individuals with positive RNA for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 35,806 (4%) were serotested within 90 days; 15% of which occurred <14 days from the RNA positive test. The proportion of people with a history of cardiovascular disease, obesity, chronic lung, or kidney disease; or presenting with shortness of breath or pneumonia appeared higher among those serotested compared to those who were not. Even in a population of people with active infection, race/ethnicity data were largely missing (>30%) in some datasets-limiting our ability to examine differences in serological testing by race. In datasets where race/ethnicity information was available, we observed a greater distribution of White individuals among those serotested; however, the time between RNA and serology tests appeared shorter in Black compared to White individuals. Test manufacturer data was available in half of the datasets contributing to the analysis. Our results inform the underlying context of serotesting during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and differences observed between claims and EHR data sources-a critical first step to understanding the real-world accuracy of serological tests. Incomplete reporting of race/ethnicity data and a limited ability to link test manufacturer data, lab results, and clinical data challenge the ability to assess the real-world performance of SARS-CoV-2 tests in different contexts and the overall U.S. response to current and future disease pandemics.