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Since the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS recommended implementation of medical male circumcision (MC) as part of HIV prevention in areas with low MC and high HIV prevalence rates in 2007, the government of Kenya has developed a strategy to circumcise 80% of uncircumcised men within five years. To facilitate the quick translation of research to practice, a national MC task force was formed in 2007, a medical MC policy was implemented in early 2008, and Nyanza Province, the region with the highest HIV burden and low rates of circumcision, was prioritized for services under the direction of a provincial voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) task force. The government's early and continuous engagement with community leaders/elders, politicians, youth, and women's groups has led to the rapid endorsement and acceptance of VMMC. In addition, several innovative approaches have helped to optimize VMMC scale-up. Since October 2008, the Kenyan VMMC program has circumcised approximately 290,000 men, mainly in Nyanza Province, an accomplishment made possible through a combination of governmental leadership, a documented implementation strategy, and the adoption of appropriate and innovative approaches. Kenya's success provides a model for others planning VMMC scale-up programs.

The Aurora, Nebraska, hailstorm of 22 June 2003 produced some exceptionally large hailstones, and was widely publicized. Nineteen hailstones obtained from local people have been sectioned and photographed and eight are illustrated here, recording their interior layering and external appearance. They exhibit great variability, with features that are common to large hail as well as one unusual growth form: a roughly prolate external shape indicating an approximately constant falling orientation during final growth, forming large, icicle-like projections at one end. Much of the growth is wet but not appreciably spongy, as appears to be common for large hail. While a hailstone from this storm has been called the largest recorded in the United States on the basis of its longest dimension, we suggest that the most meaningful measure of hailstone size is weight. Weight is unambiguous and easily measured, and is an excellent indicator of volume for large hail. People generally think of hail as spherical and large hail but is often far from that shape; the terms “diameter” and “circumference” are therefore inappropriate, and if records of linear dimensions are to be kept, they probably should be termed “maximum length” and “maximum perimeter.”

[...] it provides a summary of detailed discussions held with 6 potential sources (both U.S. and international) with the physical and intellectual resources to develop ^sup 99^Mo production capabilities, as well as the locations of those facilities and estimates on development/ production costs. Scientists at MURR are now working on the design of a processing center to be located adjacent to the reactor building. [...] the letter to Markey urged that any regulatory switch from highly enriched uranium to LEU include consideration of economic and environmental factors and other concerns, including the possibility of additional supply problems during the transition period.

The astonishing variety of techniques, the range of new molecular imaging and therapy approaches, and the continuing refinements to established procedures make it clear that the quest for individualized patient care will continue to be significantly enhanced by developments in our exciting and rapidly changing field.

A leading indicator of advances in medical care in the United States was the announcement by the Centers for Disease Control on August 19 that life expectancy in the country is at an all-time high of 78 y (80.4 y for women; 75.3 y for men). The society remained at the forefront of activities to establish a reliable domestic supply of radionuclides, ensure adequate and appropriate reimbursement for nuclear medicine procedures, and advance efforts to accelerate research.

On September 30, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received a report of a laboratory-confirmed case of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in a man who had traveled from Liberia to Dallas, Texas. Two nurses who cared for him were eventually confirmed as having Ebola. Three weeks later, a physician who had recently returned from West Africa to New York City developed symptoms and had laboratory confirmation of Ebola infection. These 4 cases placed an astounding burden of work on the state and local health departments involved and required the efforts of hundreds of health care workers.1-3 The economic impact was steep; Congress allocated more than$570 million to CDC for the US domestic Ebola response as part of a larger $ 5.4 billion appropriation for Ebola and health security.4 The 4 cases of Ebola illustrate how the interconnectedness of today’s world brings an increased risk for disease acquisition, both in the United States and abroad.

To achieve global targets for universal treatment set forth by the Joint United Nations Programme on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS), viral load monitoring for HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) must become the standard of care in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) (1). CDC and other U.S. government agencies, as part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, are supporting multiple countries in sub-Saharan Africa to change from the use of CD4 cell counts for monitoring of clinical response to ART to the use of viral load monitoring, which is the standard of care in developed countries. Viral load monitoring is the preferred method for immunologic monitoring because it enables earlier and more accurate detection of treatment failure before immunologic decline. This report highlights the initial successes and challenges of viral load monitoring in seven countries that have chosen to scale up viral load testing as a national monitoring strategy for patients on ART in response to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Countries initiating viral load scale-up in 2014 observed increases in coverage after scale-up, and countries initiating in 2015 are anticipating similar trends. However, in six of the seven countries, viral load testing coverage in 2015 remained below target levels. Inefficient specimen transport, need for training, delays in procurement and distribution, and limited financial resources to support scale-up hindered progress. Country commitment and effective partnerships are essential to address the financial, operational, technical, and policy challenges of the rising demand for viral load monitoring.

Since the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS recommended implementation of medical male circumcision (MC) as part of HIV prevention in areas with low MC and high HIV prevalence rates in 2007, the government of Kenya has developed a strategy to circumcise 80% of uncircumcised men within five years. To facilitate the quick translation of research to practice, a national MC task force was formed in 2007, a medical MC policy was implemented in early 2008, and Nyanza Province, the region with the highest HIV burden and low rates of circumcision, was prioritized for services under the direction of a provincial voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) task force. The government's early and continuous engagement with community leaders/elders, politicians, youth, and women's groups has led to the rapid endorsement and acceptance of VMMC. In addition, several innovative approaches have helped to optimize VMMC scale-up. Since October 2008, the Kenyan VMMC program has circumcised approximately 290,000 men, mainly in Nyanza Province, an accomplishment made possible through a combination of governmental leadership, a documented implementation strategy, and the adoption of appropriate and innovative approaches. Kenya's success provides a model for others planning VMMC scale-up programs.