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"Knoblauch, Hubert"
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PowerPoint, communication, and the knowledge society
\"PowerPoint has become an integral part of academic and professional life across the globe. In this book, Hubert Knoblauch offers the first complete analysis of the PowerPoint presentation as a form of communication. Knoblauch charts the diffusion of PowerPoint and explores its significance as a ubiquitous and influential element of contemporary communication culture. His analysis considers the social and intellectual implications of the genre, focusing on the dynamic relationships between the aural, visual and physical dimensions of PowerPoint presentations, as well as the diverse institutional contexts in which these presentations take place. Ultimately, Knoblauch argues that the parameters of the PowerPoint genre frames the ways in which information is presented, validated and absorbed, with ambiguous consequences for the acquisition and transmission of knowledge. This original and timely book is relevant to scholars of communications, sociology and education\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Focused Ethnography
In this paper I focus on a distinctive kind of sociological ethnography which is particularly, though not exclusively, adopted in applied research. It has been proposed that this branch of ethnography be referred to as focused ethnography. Focused ethnography shall be delineated within the context of other common conceptions of what may be called conventional ethnography. However, rather than being opposed to it, focused ethnography is rather complementary to conventional ethnography, particularly in fields that are characteristic of socially and functionally differentiated contemporary society. The paper outlines the background as well as the major methodological features of focused ethnography, such as short-term field visits, data intensity and time intensity, so as to provide a background for future studies in this area. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0503440
Journal Article
Comparison, Refiguration, and Multiple Spatialities
Ausgehend von den empirischen Beiträgen der FQS-Themenschwerpunkte \"Refiguration von Räumen und interkultureller Vergleich\" erläutern wir, was mit \"Refiguration von Raum\" gemeint ist und wie Vergleiche dazu dienen können, die Refiguration von Raum zu untersuchen. Wir gehen der Frage nach, wie der gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Wandel räumlich verstanden und erklärt werden kann. Dabei gehen wir davon aus, dass die räumliche Dynamik von Spannungen und Konflikten zwischen verschiedenen Raumfiguren angetrieben wird, die zu einer Refiguration führen. Indem die Konflikthaftigkeit des sozialen Wandels im Raum erfasst wird, ergänzt \"Refiguration\" die eher lineare Vorstellung von \"Globalisierung\". Die Notwendigkeit, ihre konstitutiven Teilprozesse der Mediatisierung, Translokalisierung und Polykontexturalisierung empirisch zu belegen, wirft die Frage auf, wie Refiguration im globalen Maßstab insbesondere anhand von Fallstudien und systematischen Vergleichen untersucht werden kann. In Bezug auf die Artikel in diesem Schwerpunkt schlagen wir vor, sich auf \"Wissen\" anstelle von \"Kultur\" als Hauptbezugspunkt für den Vergleich zu konzentrieren. Wir führen den Begriff der \"multiplen Räumlichkeit\" ein, mit dem ein solcher Vergleich erreicht werden kann. So kann der Pluralität der Perspektiven von Beobachter*innen, die räumliche Phänomene vergleichen sowie der Vielfalt der räumlichen Anordnungen innerhalb der auf globaler Ebene anzutreffenden Refigurationsvarianten Rechnung getragen werden.
Journal Article
Empirical Theory of Science – A Research Program
“Empirical theory of science” (EToS) is a research program which draws on the philosophy of science (or “theory of science” in its German translation) and on the empirical studies of science as conducted in the social sciences (“Science Studies,” “Science and Technology Studies”). Since both approaches seem to have not been integrated, the paper sketches the concept of social knowledge within communicative constructivism, which provides the background for EToS. Because the author is located in the social sciences, the paper focuses on issues in the philosophy of the social sciences from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge. While we need to leave out some topics such as “value-freedom” or “objectivity,” which have been debated already since the times of classical sociology, the problem of relativism will then be discussed, which has moved to the center of interest by the recent rise of new realism, anti-constructivist, and anti-scientific positions. Linked to these debates, the paper will turn to the issue of the “demarcation of science” or its “independence.” Then two examples of EToS will be presented that result from reflexive empirical studies of science: Social Theorizing and Reflexive Methodology. By way of conclusion, the paper contextualizes the relevance of EToS for doing science now and in the future.
Journal Article
Reflexive Methodology and the Empirical Theory of Science
»Reflexive Methodologie und die empirische Wissenschaftstheorie«. Inspired by hermeneutics tradition, qualitative as well as quantitative social research has realized that the subject matter of the social sciences is always interpreted by the actors studied. Social studies of science have also demonstrated that science itself depends on preinterpreted knowledge. In recent decades, it therefore became increasingly clear that any scientific methodology needs to account for the positionality of researchers and their methodology. In addition to the abstract armchair methodologies of scientific “reasoning,” reflexive methodology has been proposed as an approach to empirical study of more than just the procedures and methods of the very researchers who are doing research, such as the videography of videography. It is one goal of this paper to stress that reflexive methodology is not a self-contained method describing and analyzing the practical methodology of one’s action. To the degree that the analysis of the “real live” method is intended to guide research, reflexive methodology has also normative implications. As these normative implications have been referred to by the label theory of science, the second goal of this presentation is to delineate the idea of empirical theory of science.
Journal Article
The Re-Figuration of Spaces and Refigured Modernity – Concept and Diagnosis
In this essay we want to make a contribution to developing further the spatial research in social theory by looking at spatial processes of change and the tensions involved conceptually and diagnostically as refiguration of spaces. Starting from an outline of the key concept “refiguration,” we go on to argue that re-figuration is not just a general concept adapted to spaces, but a fundamental spatio-temporal concept. In a third and fourth part we will address relations between spatial figures and introduce empirically sensitizing hypotheses on mediatization, translocalization, and polycontexturalization in order to show tendencies in the dynamics of change. We will speak of “re-figuration” to refer to various socio-historical processes of spatial change, while “refigured modernity” refers to the diagnosis of the increasing tension between different dominant social figuration as the reason for the current re-figuration which will be outlined on the basis of recent research.
Journal Article
Qualitative Methoden am Scheideweg: jüngere Entwicklungen der interpretativen Sozialforschung
Betrachtet man die Entwicklung der qualitativen Methoden über einen längeren Zeitraum, wird deutlich, dass sie sich sehr erfolgreich ausgebreitet haben – und zwar in den verschiedensten Disziplinen; auch ein Prozess der Institutionalisierung ist kaum zu übersehen. Mit der Institutionalisierung einher geht auch eine zunehmende Tendenz zur Standardisierung. Diese Standardisierung steht in einem scharfen Gegensatz zu den ursprünglichen Leitideen der qualitativen Methoden, die sehr stark im interpretativen Paradigma der Sozialwissenschaften verankert sind. Dieser Widerspruch bildet einen Scheideweg in der weiteren Entwicklung der qualitativen Methoden, die gefordert sind, sich auf die sie konstituierende Rolle der Interpretation, die damit verbundene Subjektivität und die daraus folgende (methodologische) Kreativität zu besinnen. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1303128
Journal Article
Video-analisi e videografia
In this article, we discuss the use of video data for qualitative social research and its particular practicality for studying face-to-face interaction. The special focus is on naturally occurring data and its analysis. Whereas ‘video analysis’ refers to the process of analysing audio-visual data, videography means the encompassing process of collection video data in the field, its interpretation and its analysis.
Journal Article
Towards an Empirical Theory of Science? Challenges and (Possible) Standards of Scientific Research Today
The paper represents the introduction to a HSR Special Issue on the empirical theory of science (EToS). Given the massive refiguration of the (social) sciences and the need of knowledge about these changes for those who do science, the introduction suggests a way of studying the knowledge production of sciences in a way which has been suggested by various descriptive and empirical approaches in the social sciences, and to combine them with questions and issues about the normativity of science from the philosophy of science. The introduction also provides an overview on the contributions to the volume which elaborate the concept of empirical theory of science, provide cases for its application in various cases of scientific research, or discuss it with respect to other approaches in the social study of the social science.
Journal Article