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"Koger, Susan M"
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Psychological and Behavioral Aspects of Sustainability
I am honored to introduce this special issue of Sustainability, which exemplifies how the field of Psychology can contribute to multi- and inter-disciplinary efforts to create a sustainable society. In fact, achieving the goal of environmental, economic, and social sustainability is predicated on changing human behavior; the purview of Psychologists (reviewed in [1], see also [2–7]). So-called “environmental problems” are really problems of human behavior, caused by collective human actions and their underlying thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and values [1]. Consequently, research from various sub-fields of psychology can [...]
Journal Article
More than a Passing Grade: Fostering Positive Psychological Outcomes for Mainstreamed Students with Autism
This paper argues that children and adolescents with autism will achieve the best psychological outcomes if they are taught to live successfully in the mainstream world while still being allowed to explore and embrace their autistic identities. Connections between the history of deaf education and the current state of education for students with autism are explored, and potentially effective inclusion-promoting techniques are examined. The importance of bicultural identity formation for minority members (including disabled or disordered children) is emphasized, with research showing that an individual’s sense of belonging to both the mainstream culture as well as his/her minority culture has a large impact on his/her self-esteem levels and later psychological outcomes. Suggestions for future research practices and educational setting reforms are made.
Journal Article
A Significant Factor in Autism: Methyl Mercury Induced Oxidative Stress in Genetically Susceptible Individuals
The dramatic increase in prevalence rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) over recent decades likely reflects the influence of multiple factors. In the current paper, it is argued ASDs can result from an interaction between genetic susceptibilities and environmental exposures. Specifically, we hypothesize that fetal or infantile exposure to methyl mercury containing pollution by individuals with biologically inhibited antioxidant functions contributes to development of autism. Correlational data reveal that ASD rates are higher in areas of greater pollution levels, and autistic individuals exhibit biological evidence of mercury toxicity. Further, oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant activities are manifested in individuals with ASDs, specifically autism. Taken together, available evidence supports a methyl mercury-induced oxidative stress model of the disorders for at least some sufferers. Consequently, legislative efforts should focus on preventing exposures to methyl mercury and other toxicants that can adversely impact neurodevelopment.
Journal Article
Plastics, Pesticides and PBDEs: Endocrine Disruption and Developmental Disabilities
Many chemicals to which humans are regularly exposed interfere with normal endocrine (hormonal) function, including critical mechanisms underlying brain development. While it is methodologically difficult to directly associate chemical exposures with subsequent manifestations of developmental disabilities, ample evidence exists to justify concern and precautionary action to reduce or eliminate exposures. In this article, we review the literature concerning the endocrine disruptive properties of three commonly encountered classes of substances, plastics, pesticides, and flame retardants (PBDEs), and the mechanisms by which they may be contributing to the apparent increase in prevalence of developmental disabilities. We urge professionals working in disabilities fields to advocate for stronger regulation and public education regarding the toxic properties of such materials.
Journal Article