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We report on the potential application of NIR–to–NIR Nd 3+ -doped yttrium vanadate nanoparticles with both emission and excitation operating within biological windows as thermal sensors in 123–873 K temperature range. It was demonstrated that thermal sensing could be based on three temperature dependent luminescence parameters: the luminescence intensity ratio, the spectral line position and the line bandwidth. Advantages and limitations of each sensing parameter as well as thermal sensitivity and thermal uncertainty were calculated and discussed. The influence of Nd 3+ doping concentration on the sensitivity of luminescent thermometers was also studied.

We report systematic study of Dy 3+ -doped YVO 4 nanophosphors synthesized via modified Pechini technique. Effect of calcination temperature and doping concentration on structure and luminescence has been investigated. XRD and Raman spectroscopy revealed preparation of single phase nanoparticles without any impurities. Synthesized nanopowders consisted of weakly agglomerated nanoparticles with average size about 50 nm. Photoluminescence spectra of YVO 4 :Dy 3+ nanoparticles consisted of the characteristic narrow lines attributed to the intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions dominating by the hypersensitive 4 F 9/2 – 6 H 13/2 transition. The calcination temperature variation did not affect 4 F 9/2 lifetime, whereas increase of doping concentration resulted in its gradual decline. Potential application of YVO 4 :Dy 3+ 1 at.% and 2 at.% nanopowders as ratiometric luminescence thermometers within 298–673 K temperature range was tested. The main performances of thermometer including absolute and relative thermal sensitivities and temperature uncertainty were calculated. The maximum relative thermal sensitivity was determined to be 1.8% K −1 @298 K, whereas the minimum temperature uncertainty was 2 K.

The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in worldwide collaboration has developed a project of a 14 MeV neutron source for fusion material studies and other applications. The projected neutron source of the plasma type is based on the gas dynamic trap (GDT), which is a special magnetic mirror system for plasma confinement. Essential progress in plasma parameters has been achieved in recent experiments at the GDT facility in the Budker Institute, which is a hydrogen (deuterium) prototype of the source. Stable confinement of hot-ion plasmas with the relative pressure exceeding 0.5 was demonstrated. The electron temperature was increased up to 0.9 keV in the regime with additional electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of a moderate power. These parameters are the record for axisymmetric open mirror traps. These achievements elevate the projects of a GDT-based neutron source on a higher level of competitive ability and make it possible to construct a source with parameters suitable for materials testing today. The paper presents the progress in experimental studies and numerical simulations of the mirror-based fusion neutron source and its possible applications including a fusion material test facility and a fusion-fission hybrid system.

We report systematic study of Dy -doped YVO nanophosphors synthesized via modified Pechini technique. Effect of calcination temperature and doping concentration on structure and luminescence has been investigated. XRD and Raman spectroscopy revealed preparation of single phase nanoparticles without any impurities. Synthesized nanopowders consisted of weakly agglomerated nanoparticles with average size about 50 nm. Photoluminescence spectra of YVO :Dy nanoparticles consisted of the characteristic narrow lines attributed to the intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions dominating by the hypersensitive F - H transition. The calcination temperature variation did not affect F lifetime, whereas increase of doping concentration resulted in its gradual decline. Potential application of YVO :Dy 1 at.% and 2 at.% nanopowders as ratiometric luminescence thermometers within 298-673 K temperature range was tested. The main performances of thermometer including absolute and relative thermal sensitivities and temperature uncertainty were calculated. The maximum relative thermal sensitivity was determined to be 1.8% K @298 K, whereas the minimum temperature uncertainty was 2 K.

We report on the potential application of NIR-to-NIR Nd -doped yttrium vanadate nanoparticles with both emission and excitation operating within biological windows as thermal sensors in 123-873 K temperature range. It was demonstrated that thermal sensing could be based on three temperature dependent luminescence parameters: the luminescence intensity ratio, the spectral line position and the line bandwidth. Advantages and limitations of each sensing parameter as well as thermal sensitivity and thermal uncertainty were calculated and discussed. The influence of Nd doping concentration on the sensitivity of luminescent thermometers was also studied.

Luminescent, heterometallic terbium(III)–lutetium(III) terephthalate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized via direct reaction between aqueous solutions of disodium terephthalate and nitrates of corresponding lanthanides by using two methods: synthesis from diluted and concentrated solutions. For (TbxLu1−x)2bdc3·nH2O MOFs (bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) containing more than 30 at. % of Tb3+, only one crystalline phase was formed: Ln2bdc3·4H2O. At lower Tb3+ concentrations, MOFs crystallized as the mixture of Ln2bdc3·4H2O and Ln2bdc3·10H2O (diluted solutions) or Ln2bdc3 (concentrated solutions). All synthesized samples that contained Tb3+ ions demonstrated bright green luminescence upon excitation into the 1ππ* excited state of terephthalate ions. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of the compounds corresponding to the Ln2bdc3 crystalline phase were significantly larger than for Ln2bdc3·4H2O and Ln2bdc3·10H2O phases due to absence of quenching from water molecules possessing high-energy O-H vibrational modes. One of the synthesized materials, namely, (Tb0.1Lu0.9)2bdc3·1.4H2O, had one of the highest PLQY among Tb-based MOFs, 95%.

New heterometallic antenna terephthalate MOFs, namely, (EuxM1−x)2bdc3·4H2O (M = Y, La, Gd) (x = 0.001–1), were synthesized by a one-step method from aqueous solutions. The resulting compounds are isomorphic to each other; the crystalline phase corresponds to Ln2bdc3∙4H2O. Upon 300 nm excitation to the singlet excited state of terephthalate ions, all compounds exhibit a bright red emission corresponding to the of 5D0–7FJ (J = 0–4) f-f transitions of Eu3+ ions. The Eu(III) concentration dependence of the photophysical properties was carefully studied. We revealed that Gd-doping results in photoluminescence enhancement due to the heavy atom effect. To quantitatively compare the antenna effect among different compounds, we proposed the new approach, where the quantum yield of the 5D0 formation is used to characterize the efficiency of energy transfer from the ligand antenna to the Eu3+ emitter.

In this work, three series of micro-sized heterometallic europium-containing terephthalate MOFs, (Eu1-xLnx)2bdc3·nH2O (Ln = La, Gd, Lu), are synthesized via an ultrasound-assisted method in an aqueous medium. La3+ and Gd3+-doped terephthalates are isostructural to Eu2bdc3·4H2O. Lu3+-doped compounds are isostructural to Eu2bdc3·4H2O with Lu contents lower than 95 at.%. The compounds that are isostructural to Lu2bdc3·2.5H2O are formed at higher Lu3+ concentrations for the (Eu1-xLux)2bdc3·nH2O series. All materials consist of micrometer-sized particles. The particle shape is determined by the crystalline phase. All the synthesized samples demonstrate an “antenna” effect: a bright-red emission corresponding to the 5D0-7FJ transitions of Eu3+ ions is observed upon 310 nm excitation into the singlet electronic excited state of terephthalate ions. The fine structure of the emission spectra is determined by the crystalline phase due to the different local symmetries of the Eu3+ ions in the different kinds of crystalline structures. The photoluminescence quantum yield and 5D0 excited state lifetime of Eu3+ are equal to 11 ± 2% and 0.44 ± 0.01 ms, respectively, for the Ln2bdc3·4H2O structures. For the (Eu1-xLux)2bdc3·2.5H2O compounds, significant increases in the photoluminescence quantum yield and 5D0 excited state lifetime of Eu3+ are observed, reaching 23% and 1.62 ms, respectively.

Pangenome references address biases of reference genomes by storing a representative set of diverse haplotypes and their alignment, usually as a graph. Alternate alleles determined by variant callers can be used to construct pangenome graphs, but advances in long-read sequencing are leading to widely available, high-quality phased assemblies. Constructing a pangenome graph directly from assemblies, as opposed to variant calls, leverages the graph’s ability to represent variation at different scales. Here we present the Minigraph-Cactus pangenome pipeline, which creates pangenomes directly from whole-genome alignments, and demonstrate its ability to scale to 90 human haplotypes from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium. The method builds graphs containing all forms of genetic variation while allowing use of current mapping and genotyping tools. We measure the effect of the quality and completeness of reference genomes used for analysis within the pangenomes and show that using the CHM13 reference from the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium improves the accuracy of our methods. We also demonstrate construction of a Drosophila melanogaster pangenome. Constructing genome graphs directly from genome assemblies overcomes single-reference bias.

The influence of multifunctional complexes capable of causing a growth-stimulating effect on plants and inhibiting the development of a wide range of diseases on the Leningradka 6 spring soft wheat cultivar (k-64900) was investigated. In the research, it was found that the application of multifunctional complexes based on the Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains and 0.1% chitosan salicylate in wheat cultivation led to a significant decrease in the incidence of plant diseases: yellow and brown rust, powdery mildew, and root rot and caused an increase in morphometric productivity indicators. This tendency was associated with a significant influence of multifunctional complexes on the increase in the number of primary and nodal roots, the length of nodal roots, productive bushiness, the number of spikelets per spike, and the grains weight per spike. However, the effectiveness of protective and stimulating wheat treatments depended on the complex of natural and climatic factors of wheat vegetation seasons.