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Robust control methodology for two-area load frequency control model is proposed in this paper. The paper presents a comparative study between the performance of model predictive controller (MPC) and optimized proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller on different systems. An objective function derived from settling time, percentage overshoot and percentage undershoot is minimized to obtain the gains of the PID controller. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used to tune the parameters of the PID controller through performance optimization of the system. System performance characteristics were compared to another controller designed based on MPC. Detailed comparison was performed between the performances of the MPC and optimized PID. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed schemes were verified by the numerical simulation in MATLAB environment under different scenarios such as load and parameters variations. Moreover, the pole-zero map of each proposed approach is presented to investigate their stability.