Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The conventional drugs for UC may induce severe side effects. Herbal medicine is considered as a complementary and alternative choice for UC. Purpose: This study aims to estimate the effect of natural polyphenol gallic acid (GA) on the NLRP3 inflammasome with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Study design: The body weights and symptoms of BALB/c mice were recorded. Histological evaluation, ELISA, q-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were carried out to observe the morphology, cytokine contents, mRNA expressions, and protein expressions, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage was used to probe GA’s effect on relative protein expression. Results: GA attenuated weight loss ( p < 0.05), relieved symptoms, and ameliorated colonic morphological injury ( p < 0.05) in mice with colitis induced by DSS. GA also lowered the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, and IFN-γ in the serum and colon of mice, which were elevated by DSS, downregulated protein, and mRNA expressions of the NLRP3 pathway in the colon tissue. Furthermore, GA downregulated the expressions of NLRP3 ( p < 0.05), iNOS ( p < 0.01), COX2 ( p < 0.01), and P-p65 ( p < 0.05), and suppressed NO release ( p < 0.001) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: GA ameliorated DSS-induced UC in mice via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings furnish evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of herbal medicines containing GA on UC.

Background: Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke (PM) is a widely-used medicinal plant in China, whose root and stem are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as Polygoni Multiflori Radix (RPM), Polygoni Multiflori Radix Preparata (PMP), and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (PMC). The hepatotoxicity of RPM and PMP is concerned by the public, while the risk of PMC is ignored. Purpose: Here, we investigate the potential risks for PMC-induced liver injury from clinical, chemical, and animal features. Study design: First, we analyzed the 12-month usage of RPM, PMP, and PMC in Longhua Hospital. Second, we determined the contents of gallic acid, cis -2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside ( cis -SG), trans -2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside ( trans -SG), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside (PG), emodin, and physcion in the water extracts from 15 batches of RPM, PMP, and PMC. Third, we probed the hepatotoxic effect of RPM, PMP, and PMC in mice and explored the mechanism of cis -SG and trans -SG causing the liver injury at the dosages based on our results from the first and second parts. Results: PMC had nearly five times the amount of usage in both outpatient prescriptions and inpatient orders than RPM and PMP. Overall, 68% dosage of PMC was 30 g. The contents of cis -SG, trans -SG, and emodin in PMC water extracts were significantly lower than those in RPM and PMP water extracts. PMC induced milder idiosyncratic liver injury for its lower content of cis -SG and trans -SG than its root counterparts. Conclusion: The potential risks for PMC-induced liver injury should be fully aware of.

Two new compounds (1 and 2), together with five known (3–7) chromone derivatives, were isolated from the stems of Nicotiana tabacum (a gene-edited mutant cultivated by Yunnan China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd.). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1, 2, and 7 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compound 1, 2, and 7 exhibited high anti-TMV activities with inhibition rates of 38.4, 43.5, and 33.6% at the concentration of 20 μM. These rates are higher than that of positive control.

Two new quinoline alkaloids, 4-acetyl-7-isopropyl-6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (1) and 4-acetyl-7-isopropyl-5-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (2), were isolated from the stems of Nicotiana tabacum. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 38.5 and 42.2% at the concentration of 20 μM, respectively. These rates are higher than that of positive control.

Two new isoquinoline alkaloids, 3-hydroxy-1-(7-hydroxy-6-methylisoquinolin-1-yl)propan-1-one (1) and 3-hydroxy-1-(7-methoxy-6-methylisoquinolin-1-yl)propan-1-one (2) were isolated from the whole plants of Thalictrum glandulosissimum. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The two compounds showed weak anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.9 and 32.6%. These rates are close to that of positive control.

Two new chromone derivatives (1 and 2) were isolated from the twigs of Cassia auriculata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed good inhibition with IZD of 12.8 ± 2.2 and 13.0 ± 2.5 mm, respectively.

Two new (1 and 2), together with two known (3 and 4), quinoline alkaloids were isolated from the stems of Nicotiana tabacum. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potential anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.2 and 25.8% respectively.

Two new (1 and 2), together with two known (3 and 4), isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from the whole plants of Thalictrum cirrhosum. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their antirotavirus activity. The results revealed that compounds 2 exhibited high antirotavirus activity with a therapeutic index (TI) value of 19.3. This value is close to that of positive control (TI value 20.4). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 also exhibited potent antirotavirus activity with TI value above 10.

Two new chromeno[3,2-c]pyridin derivatives, 8-acetyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-10H-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-10-one (1) and 8-acetyl-3-isopropyl-7-methoxy-10H-chromeno[3,2-c]pyridin-10-one (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Thalictrum finetii. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their antirotavirus activity. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited high antirotavirus activity with therapeutic index (TI) values of 19.7 and 17.1. These values are close to that of positive control (21.6).

Two new benzo[c]azepin-1-ones, 2,3-dihydro-8-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-7-methylbenzo[c]azepin-1- one (1) and 2,3-dihydro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-8-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-methoxybenzo[c]azepin-1-one (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Thalictrum glandulosissimum. Their structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their antibacterial activity. The results showed that both compounds had high antibacterial activity against 12 microbial strains isolated from the saliva of smokers.