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Keratinases can specifically degrade keratins, which widely exist in hair, horns, claws and human skin. There is a great interest in developing keratinase to manage keratin waste generated by the poultry industry and reusing keratin products in agriculture, medical treatment and feed industries. Degradation of keratin waste by keratinase is more environmentally friendly and more sustainable compared with chemical and physical methods. However, the wild-type keratinase-producing strains usually cannot meet the requirements of industrial production, and some are pathogenic, limiting their development and utilization. The main purpose of this study is to improve the catalytic performance of keratinase via directed evolution technology for the degradation of feathers. We first constructed a mutant library through error-prone PCR and screened variants with enhanced enzyme activity. The keratinase activity was further improved through fermentation conditions optimization and fed-batch strategies in a 7-L bioreactor. As a result, nine mutants with enhanced activity were identified and the highest enzyme activity was improved from 1150 to 8448 U/mL finally. The mutant achieved efficient biodegradation of feathers, increasing the degradation rate from 49 to 88%. Moreover, a large number of amino acids and soluble peptides were obtained as degradation products, which were excellent protein resources to feed. Therefore, the study provided a keratinase mutant with application potential in the management of feather waste and preparation of protein feed additive.

Smart Grid is the newest direction of electric power development, and is regarded as the significant technology innovation and development trend of the electric power system in 21st century. It is also regarded as the inevitable result of the development of economic and technology. It has flexible, clean, safe, economical, and friendly functions. Smart grid is a new \"second generation\" network, which is built on an integrated basis of two-way high-speed communication networks, through the application of advanced sensing and measurement techniques, equipment technology, control technology and decision support system technology in order to achieve reliable, safe, high-quality, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe using target. Smart Grid’s background, significance key technologies, technical difficulties and prospects are introduced in this paper.

A novel method of one-step preparation of dual-labeled gold nanoparticle bio-probes was established by the electrostatic adsorption and the covalent bonding of gold nanoparticles with antibodies and thiol-modified oligonucleotides, respectively. Characterization of probes, the coverage and activity of antibodies and oligonucleotides on probe surfaces were detected. The results indicated that the gold nanoparticles labeled with antibodies and oligonucleotides possess good bioactivity and the coverage of oligonucleotide and antibody on a dual-labeled gold nanoparticle bio-probe was (92 ± 20) and (8 ± 3), respectively. The preparative method is simple and stable. The dual-labeled gold nanoparticle bio-probes have an application value in detection of ultramicro protein.

While a sense of meaning in life is known to boost students' learning motivation, the psychological process explaining how this happens is not well understood. This study investigated whether positive thinking (positive cognition) acts as the crucial bridge connecting these two. We conducted a survey with 345 university students in Chongqing, China. They completed questionnaires measuring their sense of meaning in life (both the search for meaning and the feeling of having it), their tendency for positive thinking, and their motivation for learning (both for internal satisfaction and external rewards). We found a clear link: students with a stronger sense of life meaning also reported higher levels of positive thinking and greater learning motivation. More importantly, positive thinking was a key pathway. A students'  sense of life meaning appeared to first nurture a more positive mindset, and this positive mindset, in turn, was what fueled their motivation to learn. This effect was particularly strong for intrinsic motivation (learning for the love of it). For extrinsic motivation (learning for rewards), positive thinking was also a vital link, sometimes serving as the primary channel through which life meaning influenced motivation. Positive thinking is a key ingredient that transforms a sense of life meaning into tangible motivation for learning. Our findings suggest that universities could better support students by not only helping them explore life's meaning but also by actively fostering positive cognitive skills. Such programs could improve students' academic engagement and overall well-being.

V2G technology is an important part of the smart grid,which realizes the power inter-transformation between Power Grid and electric vehicles [1]. V2G technology is introduced and the structure of charging and discharging system in V2G technology is analyzed [2]. Under synchronous rotating frame, the combination current-controlled and Voltage space vector control method is adopted, which carries out the power inter-transformation between Power Grid and electric vehicles [3].

In earthquake data interpretation process, data body precision would not be very high as the workload of interpretation or data memory. Using the interpolate method mentioned in this paper, we can finish the interpolation without increasing the workload of interpretation, increase earthquake data precision, and acquire more information from earthquake data.

Though VR (Virtual Reality) technique is now applied in petroleum exploration & development, the state-owned petroleum companies have no IP (intellectual property) for such a VR system in China. Thus, it is necessary to study and develop a VR system for our petroleum companies. Based on our previous achievements in study of software and hardware technique, the concept of developing a multi-subject cooperating exploration center based on VR system is proposed in this paper. The design of interpretation software is mainly done and the further study for it is put forward.

The recent Zika virus （ZIKV） epidemic in Latin America coincided with a marked increase in microcephaly in newborns. However, the causal link between maternal ZIKV infection and malformation of the fetal brain has not been firmly established. Here we show a vertical transmission of ZIKV in mice and a marked effect on fetal brain development. We found that intraperitoneal （i.p.） injection of a contemporary ZIKV strain in pregnant mice led to the infection of radial gila cells （RGs） of dorsal ventricular zone of the fetuses, the primary neural progenitors responsi- ble for cortex development, and caused a marked reduction of these cortex founder cells in the fetuses. Interestingly, the infected fetal mice exhibited a reduced cavity of lateral ventricles and a discernable decrease in surface areas of the cortex. This study thus supports l;he conclusion that vertically transmitted ZIKV affects fetal brain development and provides a valuable animal model for the evaluation of potential therapeutic or preventative strategies.

Carbonaceous materials have long been considered promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of conventional carbon anodes is generally poor because the sodium ion storage solely relies on the disordered region of the carbon materials in a carbonate-based electrolyte. The solvent co-intercalation mechanism for Na ions has been recently reported in natural graphite anodes for Na-ion batteries with ether-based electrolytes, but their capacities are still unsatisfactory. We show here for the first time that by combining regular Na ion storage in the disordered carbon layer and solvent co-intercalation mechanism in the graphitized layer of a commercial N330 carbon black as an anode material for Na-ion batteries in ether-based electrolyte, the reversible capacity could be fully realized and doubled in magnitude. This unique sodium intercalation process resulted in a significantly improved electrochemical performance for the N330 electrode with an initial reversible capacity of 234 mAh.g-1 at 50 mA.g-1 and a superior rate capability of 105 mAh.g-1 at 3,200 mA-g-1. When cycled at 3,200 mA.g-1 over 2,000 cycles, the electrode still exhibited a highly reversible capacity of 72 mAh.g-1 with a negligible capacity loss per cycle （0.0167%）. Additionally, surface-sensitive C K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, with the assistance of electrochemical and physicochemical characterizations, helped in identifying the controlled formation and evolution of a thin and robust solid electrolyte interphase film. This film not only reduced the resistance for sodium ion diffusion, but also maintained the structural stability of the electrode for extended cycle reversibility. The superior electrochemical performance of N330 carbon black strongly demonstrated the potential of applying ether-based electrolytes for a wide range of carbon anodes apart from natural graphite.

Background： Catheter-directed thrombolysis （CDT） has been a mainstay in treating deep venous thrombosis （DVT）. However, the optimal dosage ofa thrombolytic agent is still controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low dosage urokinase with CDT for DVT. Methods： A retrospective analysis was perfornaed using data from a total of 427 patients with DVT treated with CDT in our single center between July 2009 and December 2012. Early efficacy of thrombolysis was assessed with a thrombus score based on daily venography. The therapeutic safety was evahmted by adverse events. A venography or duplex ultrasound was performed to assess the outcome at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Results： The mean total dose of 3.34 （standard deviation [SD] 1.38） million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 5.18 （SD 2.28） days. Prior to discharge, Grade Ⅲ （complete lysis） was achieved in 154 （36%） patients; Grade II （50-99% lysis） in 222 （52%）： and Grade I （50%~ lysis） in 51 （12%）. The major complications included one intracranial hemorrhage, one henaatochezia, five gross hematuria, and one pulmonary embolism. Moreover, no death occurred in the study. Conclusions： Treatment of low-dose catheter-directed thrombosis is an efficacious and safe therapeutic approach in patients with DVT offering good long-term outcomes and minimal complications.