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The paper discusses Fall River by Alexander Motyl as a novel about history and family saga. The novel entwines the past of 20th-century East-Central Europe with the individual experiences of its protagonists—Mike/Mychasko, Manya, and Stefa. They continue the American history of the family, which started in 1913 when their parents-to-be arrived from Galicia to Fall River, Mass., to leave it for Europe ten years later. The life of the three siblings epitomizes the dramatic history of Eastern Galicia and the pre-and post-WWII Ukrainian immigration to the United States. A small Ukrainian-Polish-Jewish community in the provincial Galician town of Przemyślany, where most of the action takes place, becomes a small-scale version of historical and political conflicts of the 1920s-1940s. The paper draws on Astrid Erll’s theory of cultural memory and Paul Connerton’s concept of forgetfulness to analyze Fall River as part of the Ukrainian cultural memory and explore the role of forgetting in the characters’ identity construction, particularly their new American selves. The historical background that shapes Mike’s, Manya’s, and Stefa’s lives reveals the entanglements of East-Central European history of the first half of the 20th century, of which the American reader knows little if anything, and addresses complex ethnic relations and political dilemmas that were part of the characters’ everyday life. While history is the normative frame of reference in the novel, a sense of home and the awareness of its traumatic loss are some of the centrifugal forces of the story, which determine the characters’ attitudes. They evoke the idea of uprootedness (Weil) and nostalgic memory (Boym), which will be analyzed as an essential part of immigrant narratives.

The paper discusses the changing role of ethnicity in immigrant narratives withthe example of Francine Prose's novel My New American Life (2011). It is amultidimensional work of fiction which presents ethnicity as a cultural and social asset. Thenovel brings into play and revisits a tradition of the novel of manners. It uses Americancultural and social stereotypes to tailor the main character’s new identity of existential in-betweenness. and to represent the American realities of the Bush-Cheney era through thefilter of the protagonist’s perspective as a semi-legal alien of a suspicious ethnicbackground. The paper problematizes the geopolitical challenges of immigration that thenovel’s characters deal with in post-9/11 America. The article argues that in the novel,immigration is presented as a process with a distinct social dimension, prioritizing safetyand welfare over the values of democracy and personal freedom.

Nicholson Baker's novel Checkpoint (2004), Slavoj Žižek's book Iraq: the Borrowed Kettle (2004) and Susan Sontag's research Regarding the Pain of Others (2003) are used to explore the relationship between mediated experience of the Iraqi war and “commodified” memory (D. LaCapra's term). Sontag's concept of a responsible representation of pain, Žižek's ideological and political analysis of the Iraqi war context and possible consequences and Baker's fictionalized emotional response to war sufferings offer new insights into a complex coexistence of private memories and public accounts and the ethical dilemmas they pose for consumers of information. From different perspectives, both Sontag and Baker view memory and verbal and visual representations of pain as a means to overcome ethical and political indifference and deal with hypocritical sympathy and historical amnesia. “Commodified” memories created by the media and its re-narration of authentic experience of the participants and victims of the Iraqi war modify the very concept of experience and bring forward the issue of shared knowledge as an experience-shaping element. Iraq turns into a metaphysical place identified with a certain location on earth that is elevated into a metaphor for democratically justified violence and human suffering. Possible ways to articulate and negotiate ethically acceptable and sensible decisions aimed at handling the traumatic experiences that the participants and observers on both sides of the war share are the focus of Baker's novel and Sontag's research.

Background Older People Living with HIV (OPWH) combine both aging and HIV-infection features, resulting in ageism, stigma, social isolation, and low quality of life. This context brings up new challenges for healthcare professionals, who now must aid patients with a significant comorbidity burden and polypharmacy treatments. OPWH opinion on their health management is hardly ever considered as a variable to study, though it would help to understand their needs on dissimilar settings. Methods We performed a cross-sectional, comparative study including patients living with HIV aged ≥50 years old from multiple centers worldwide and gave them a survey addressing their perception on overall health issues, psychological problems, social activities, geriatric conditions, and opinions on healthcare. Data was analyzed through Chisquared tests sorting by geographical regions, age groups, or both. Results We organized 680 participants data by location (Center and South America [CSA], Western Europe [WE], Africa, Eastern Europe and Israel [EEI]) and by age groups (50- 55, 56-65, 66-75, >75). In EEI, HIV serostatus socializing and reaching undetectable viral load were the main problems. CSA participants are the least satisfied regarding their healthcare, and a great part of them are not retired. Africans show the best health perception, have financial problems, and fancy their HIV doctors. WE is the most developed region studied and their participants report the best scores. Moreover, older age groups tend to live alone, have a lower perception of psychological problems, and reduced social life. Conclusions Patients’ opinions outline region- and age-specific unmet needs. In EEI, socializing HIV and reaching undetectable viral load were the main concerns. CSA low satisfaction outcomes might reflect high expectations or profound inequities in the region. African participants results mirror a system where general health is hard to achieve, but HIV clinics are much more appealing to them. WE is the most satisfied region about their healthcare. In this context, age-specific information, education and counseling programs (i.e. Patient Reported Outcomes, Patient Centered Care, multidisciplinary teams) are needed to promote physical and mental health among older adults living with HIV/AIDS. This is crucial for improving health-related quality of life and patient’s satisfaction.

Recently, we involved the carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a druggable target for KRAS-mutant-addicted lung and pancreatic cancers. Here, using glioblastoma patient-derived stem cells (GSCs), we identify and characterize a subset of Gal-3high glioblastoma (GBM) tumors mainly within the mesenchymal subtype that are addicted to Gal-3-mediated macropinocytosis. Using both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Gal-3, we showed a significant decrease of GSC macropinocytosis activity, cell survival and invasion, in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Gal-3 binds to RAB10, a member of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases, and β1 integrin, which are both required for macropinocytosis activity and cell survival. Finally, by defining a Gal-3/macropinocytosis molecular signature, we could predict sensitivity to this dependency pathway and provide proof-of-principle for innovative therapeutic strategies to exploit this Achilles’ heel for a significant and unique subset of GBM patients.Seguin et al demonstrated in glioblastoma patient-derived stem cells that a subset of glioblastoma tumours is dependent on macropinocytosis mediated survival through a Galectin-3/RAB10/beta 1 integrin axis. They used both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Galectin-3 in vivo and in vitro to identify underlying mechanisms and define a Galectin-3/macropinocytosis molecular signature, which could inform the development of anti-tumour therapeutic strategies.

In search of novel potential drug candidates that could be used as treatments or prophylactics for memory impairment, an aporphine alkaloid magnoflorine (MAG) isolated from the root of Berberis vulgaris was proven to exhibit beneficial anti-amnestic properties. Its effects on immunoreactivity to parvalbumin in the mouse hippocampus were assessed together with a study on its safety and concentration in the brain and plasma. For this purpose, four experimental groups were created: the MAG10 group—treated with 10 mg MAG/kg b.w. i.p., the MAG20 group—treated with 20 mg MAG/kg b.w. i.p., the MAG50 group—treated with 50 mg MAG/kg b.w. i.p., and a control group—injected with saline i.p. at a volume corresponding to their weight. Our results indicated that the hippocampal fields CA1–CA3 were characterized by an elevated number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons (PV-IR) and nerve fibers in mice at the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. (i.p.). No significant changes to the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α were observed for the above two doses; however, the administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. i.p. caused a statistically significant elevation of IL-6, IL-1beta plasma levels and an insignificant raise in the TNF-alpha value. The HPLC–MS analysis showed that the alkaloid’s content in the brain structures in the group treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. did not increase proportionally with the administered dose. The obtained results show that MAG is able to influence the immunoreactivity to PV-IR in hippocampal neurons and might act as a neuroprotective compound.

Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) are one of the key populations most vulnerable to HIV infection, with 28 times higher prevalence compared to the rest of the population. PWID are known to have many physical, psychological and lifestyle challenges that can influence access to care. Depression is common among PWID living with HIV. It has major effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and is influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study was conducted to explore how anxiety and depression affect HRQoL among HIV-positive PWID in Ukraine. It will provide knowledge for the further policy development. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study using data from interviewer- administrated questionnaires was performed. The questionnaire was based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The questionnaire on HRQoL was based on the SF-36. Results: Among the 90 HIV positive PWID 74% (67) and 61% (55) had anxiety and depression scores higher than 7 respectively, indicating that most patients had mental health problems. Average scores for general health (40), role limitations due to physical (44) and emotional health (34), vitality (41) and mental health (45) had mean scores less than 50 along with total physical (43) and mental health scores (35). Having an HIV positive partner or partner with unknown HIV status increases anxiety in HIV positive PWID. Conclusion: There are increased depressive and anxiety symptoms and poorer QoL among HIV-positive PWID in Ukraine. Strategies focusing on psychosocial support addressing QoL as part of HIV care could improve health outcomes for these comorbid and debilitating conditions.

In search of novel potential drug candidates that could be used as treatments or prophylactics for memory impairment, an aporphine alkaloid magnoflorine (MAG) isolated from the root of Berberis vulgaris was proven to exhibit beneficial anti-amnestic properties. Its effects on immunoreactivity to parvalbumin in the mouse hippocampus were assessed together with a study on its safety and concentration in the brain and plasma. For this purpose, four experimental groups were created: the MAG10 group-treated with 10 mg MAG/kg b.w. i.p., the MAG20 group-treated with 20 mg MAG/kg b.w. i.p., the MAG50 group-treated with 50 mg MAG/kg b.w. i.p., and a control group-injected with saline i.p. at a volume corresponding to their weight. Our results indicated that the hippocampal fields CA1-CA3 were characterized by an elevated number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons (PV-IR) and nerve fibers in mice at the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. (i.p.). No significant changes to the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α were observed for the above two doses; however, the administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. i.p. caused a statistically significant elevation of IL-6, IL-1beta plasma levels and an insignificant raise in the TNF-alpha value. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that the alkaloid's content in the brain structures in the group treated with 50 mg/kg b.w. did not increase proportionally with the administered dose. The obtained results show that MAG is able to influence the immunoreactivity to PV-IR in hippocampal neurons and might act as a neuroprotective compound.

The study and synthesis of research showed that the most often anti-crisis management is considered, firstly, as a complex of preventive measures that is comprehensive and aimed at preventing and eliminating unfavorable phenomenon for business using existing resources and survival potential, and secondly, as implementation of special procedures for the withdrawal of economic agents from the crisis, in particular such as sanitation, restructuring, bankruptcy, liquidation. The main element of system control at the macro level is the state regulation of the economy, one of the most important tasks of which is the elimination of failures of functioning of the market mechanism at the micro level, that is, the creation of conditions for overcoming the crisis phenomenon in the activities of business entities. This task is solved by developing and implementing measures of state anti-crisis regulation. The main purpose of the article is to carry out diagnostics and monitoring in the system of state crisis management of economic security of banking institutions of Ukraine. In addition, the purpose of the article is also to study and systematize the technology of state anti-crisis regulation of banking institutions of Ukraine. The article highlights the criteria for assessing the system of anti-crisis management of financial stability of banking institutions at macro and micro levels. The diagnostics in the anti-crisis regulation of banking institutions of Ukraine is carried out. The main components of the monitoring in the system of state anti-crisis management in the banking institutions of Ukraine are noted. The levers of state anti-crisis regulation in the banking institutions of Ukraine are described. The measures and technologies of state anti-crisis management at the level of banking institutions of Ukraine are proposed. The results of the study can be used by banking institutions of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine, financial institutions, etc.