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Abstract The use of fertilizers affects not only the soil fertility and crop yield, but also significantly changes the taxonomic structure of the soil microbiocenosis. Here, based on stationary field experiment, we studied the influence of organo-mineral fertilizer (ОМF), modified by bacteria Bacillus subtilis, H-13 in comparison with different fertilizer systems (organic, mineral, organo-mineral) on (i) crop yield, (ii) physical and chemical properties, and (iii) alpha and beta diversity of the microbial community Albic Retisol (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Differentic, Ochric). The studies were carried out against the background of liming (рНКCl – 5.9) and without it (рНКCl – 5.1). The use of only one cattle farmyard manure was less effective than its co-application with mineral fertilizers in half doses. A similar effect was obtained when applying ОМF. In addition, the use of OMF contributes to a significant increase in the reserves of soil organic carbon in the soil layer 0-20 cm by 18%-32%. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA variable V4 gene sequence libraries, 10.759 taxa from 456 genera were identified, assigned to 34 fila (31 bacterial and 3 archaeotic. Unilateral application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant decrease in the alpha diversity of the structure of soil microbial communities (OTE (other things equal) and Shannon index). A clear clustering of the microbiota was found in the variants with and without the introduction of сattle farmyard manure. It is revealed that the taxonomic structure of the microbiocenosis is formed under the influence of two main factors: crop rotation culture and applied fertilizers. The type of cultivated crop determines the dynamics of the microbiota at the level of larger taxa, such as domains, and fertilizers affect the structure of the microbial community at alower taxonomic level (phyla, orders, bloodlines). On the basis of the Deseq analysis, marker taxa were identified, according to the share participation of which it is possible to determine the type of cultivated crop and fertilizers used in the experiment. Understanding the dynamics of taxa association and other influential factors can lead to the creation of universal systems of metagenomic indication, where tracking the dynamics of microbial communities will allow for a comprehensive assessment of the agroecological state of soils and timely decisions to prevent their degradation. Resumo O uso de fertilizantes afeta não apenas a fertilidade do solo e o rendimento das culturas, mas também altera significativamente a estrutura taxonômica da microbiocenose do solo. Aqui, com base em experimento de campo estacionário, estudou-se a influência do fertilizante organomineral (FOM), modificado pela bactéria Bacillus subtilis (H-13), em comparação com diferentes sistemas de fertilizantes (orgânico, mineral, organomineral) em (i) rendimento da colheita, (ii) propriedades físicas e químicas, e (iii) diversidade alfa e beta da comunidade microbiana Albic Retisol (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Differentic, Ochric). O experimento foi conduzido sob duas condições: com calagem (pHKCl - 5,9) e sem calagem (pHKCl - 5,1). O uso apenas de esterco bovino foi menos eficaz do que sua coaplicação com fertilizantes minerais em metade das doses. Um efeito semelhante foi obtido ao aplicar FOM. Além disso, o uso de FOM contribui para um aumento significativo nas reservas de carbono orgânico do solo na camada de solo de 0-20 cm em 18%-32%. O sequenciamento de alto rendimento das bibliotecas de sequências do gene variável V4 do rRNA 16S identificou 10.759 táxons pertencentes a 456 gêneros, classificados em 34 filos (31 bacterianos e 3 arqueanos). A aplicação unilateral de fertilizantes minerais levou a uma diminuição significativa da diversidade alfa da estrutura das comunidades microbianas do solo (OTE [outras coisas iguais] e índice de Shannon). Foi observada uma aglutinação da microbiota nas variantes com e sem a aplicação de esterco bovino. O estudo revelou que a estrutura taxonômica da microbiocenose é formada sob a influência de dois fatores principais: cultura de rotação de culturas e fertilizantes aplicados. O tipo de cultura cultivada determina a dinâmica do microbiota ao nível de taxa maiores, como os domínios, e os fertilizantes afetam a estrutura da comunidade microbiana a um nível taxonômico inferior (filos, ordens, famílias). Com base na análise Deseq, foram identificados taxa marcadores, de acordo com a participação dos quais é possível determinar o tipo de cultura cultivada e os fertilizantes utilizados na experiência. A compreensão da dinâmica da associação de taxa e de outros fatores influentes pode levar à criação de sistemas universais de indicaçadores metagenômicos, onde o rastreio da dinâmica das comunidades microbianas permitirá uma avaliação abrangente do estado agroecológico dos solos e decisões oportunas para prevenir a sua degradação.

We report a study of optical and scintillation properties of modules of a prototype electromagnetic calorimeter based on barium fluoride crystals (BaF 2 ) measuring 25 × 25 × 160 mm 3 . The length of the crystal radiator of the calorimeter is optimized using the Monte Carlo method in order to improve its energy resolution. Homogeneity of the light output from different sections of the module using gamma quanta from a 137 Cs source is demonstrated. The scintillation time of the crystal module under gamma excitation is measured.

We report simulation and resolution evaluation of monolithic position sensitive detectors with different surfaces. The best result was obtained using a combination of rough polishing of the crystal surface and a Teflon wrapper with a resolution in the interaction depth of dZ = 0.89 ± 0.01 mm. The best planar resolution dX = 0.53 ± 0.01 mm is obtained for a finely polished plate with an ESR film. The diffuse reflector also demonstrates an increase in light collection by 33% compared to the specular one.

The new Digisonde‐4D, while preserving the basic principles of the Digisonde family, introduces important hardware and software changes that implement the latest capabilities of new digital radio frequency (RF) circuitry and embedded computers. The “D” refers to digital transmitters and receivers in which no analog circuitry is used for conversion between the baseband and the RF. In conjunction with the new hardware design, new software solutions offer significantly enhanced measurement flexibility, enhanced signal selectivity, and new types of data, e.g., the complete set of time domain samples of all four antenna signals suitable for independent scientific analysis. With the new method of mitigating in‐band RF interference, the ionogram running time can be made as short as a couple of seconds. The h′(f) precision ranging technique with an accuracy of better than 1 km can be used on a routine basis. The 4D model runs the new ARTIST‐5 ionogram autoscaling software which reports in real time the required data for assimilation in ionospheric models. The paper highlights technical advances of the new Digisonde for research and monitoring applications.

New YAG:Yb:Mg and YAG:Yb:Ca:Mg crystals with a short decay time are grown for the first time using the Czochralski method. The pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra of the new scintillators, their light output, and decay time are studied. The light output of the YAG:Yb:Mg and YAG:Yb:Ca:Mg crystals are found to be 460 and 770 photons/MeV, respectively. It is shown that the decay time spectra of the new crystals are described by two components: 1.57/8.5 ns for YAG:Yb:Mg and 1.52/7.79 ns for YAG:Yb:Ca:Mg.

This paper investigates the cause of ignition of wooden shields during surface fire fronts. For this purpose an experiment was conducted in which a zone 50m in length and 10m in width was chosen as the experimental site. Wooden shields (made of spruce boards) and samples of high-moor and valley peat were placed in this zone. In the experiment it was ascertained that to ensure safety during the surface fire in absence of firebrands and embers it was necessary to clear a perimeter around the zone not less than 5m in width, and remove cleared fuels. To reduce the risk of fence ignition, it was necessary to make the fences permeable. It was found that grass fires turn into peat fires if there is a conductor of combustion above the layer of peat.

A detector of pulsed neutron radiation of the activation type with continuous recording of registered pulses of secondary electrons in real time is described. As activation material, 0.3-mm-thick silver foil is used. An industrial grade SBM-19 gas-discharge Geiger–Muller counter, sensitive to hard beta and gamma radiation, was used to register secondary electrons. The recording interval of the accumulated number of registered secondary electron pulses is 10 s. The circular memory buffer used to record the secondary electron pulses is 16 MB, providing continuous recording for 2.5 years. A modern LiSOCl 2 galvanic cell with a voltage of 3.6 V and a capacity of 2.1 A h was used as a power source for the pulsed neutron radiation detector. The estimated operating time without replacing the battery is 5 years.

In recent years, the trend towards developing more efficient and green approaches to the synthesis of chemical compounds has engulfed new areas of chemistry, including organometallic synthesis. In this work, the peculiarities of direct cyclopalladation of m-phenylenediamine-based bis(thioamide) ligands are studied both in solution and in the absence of a solvent in order to estimate the possibility of obtaining target Pd(II) pincer complexes using a more ecologically friendly methodology.