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"Krist, Mario"
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The Effect of Context-Related Moderators on the Internationalization-Performance Relationship: Evidence from Meta-Analysis
After thirty years of research on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance, findings on direction and magnitude are still contradictory.This paper quantitatively reviews prior research in an attempt to reconcile the fragmented results. We address the question if and how internationalization relates to firm performance by integrating findings from 36 studies (41 samples, N = 7,792) using the method of meta-analysis. We find empirical support for a significant positive relationship at the aggregate level. Equally important, meta-analysis reveals that the relationship is moderated by R&D intensity, product diversification, country of origin, and firm age and size.
Journal Article
A precise performance-based reimbursement model for the multi-centre NAPKON cohorts – development and evaluation
Fair allocation of funding in multi-centre clinical studies is challenging. Models commonly used in Germany - the case fees (“fixed-rate model”, FRM) and up-front staffing and consumables (“up-front allocation model”, UFAM) lack transparency and fail to suitably accommodate variations in centre performance. We developed a performance-based reimbursement model (PBRM) with automated calculation of conducted activities and applied it to the cohorts of the National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON) within the Network of University Medicine (NUM). The study protocol activities, which were derived from data management systems, underwent validation through standardized quality checks by multiple stakeholders. The PBRM output (first funding period) was compared among centres and cohorts, and the cost-efficiency of the models was evaluated. Cases per centre varied from one to 164. The mean case reimbursement differed among the cohorts (1173.21€ [95% CI 645.68–1700.73] to 3863.43€ [95% CI 1468.89–6257.96]) and centres and mostly fell short of the expected amount. Model comparisons revealed higher cost-efficiency of the PBRM compared to FRM and UFAM, especially for low recruitment outliers. In conclusion, we have developed a reimbursement model that is transparent, accurate, and flexible. In multi-centre collaborations where heterogeneity between centres is expected, a PBRM could be used as a model to address performance discrepancies.
Trial registration:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04768998
;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04747366
;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04679584
.
Journal Article
Performance of NIRCam on JWST in Flight
The Near Infrared Camera for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is delivering the imagery that astronomers have hoped for ever since JWST was proposed back in the 1990s. In the Commissioning Period that extended from right after launch to early 2022 July, NIRCam has been subjected to a number of performance tests and operational checks. The camera is exceeding prelaunch expectations in virtually all areas, with very few surprises discovered in flight. NIRCam also delivered the imagery needed by the Wavefront Sensing Team for use in aligning the telescope mirror segments.
Journal Article
JWST/NIRCam Coronagraphy: Commissioning and First On-Sky Results
In a cold and stable space environment, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST or \"Webb\") reaches unprecedented sensitivities at wavelengths beyond 2 microns, serving most fields of astrophysics. It also extends the parameter space of high-contrast imaging in the near and mid-infrared. Launched in late 2021, JWST underwent a six month commissioning period. In this contribution we focus on the NIRCam Coronagraphy mode which was declared \"science ready\" on July 10 2022, the last of the 17 JWST observing modes. Essentially, this mode will allow to detect fainter/redder/colder (less massive for a given age) self-luminous exoplanets as well as other faint astrophysical signal in the vicinity of any bright object (stars or galaxies). Here we describe some of the steps and hurdles the commissioning team went through to achieve excellent performances. Specifically, we focus on the Coronagraphic Suppression Verification activity. We were able to produce firm detections at 3.35\\(\\mu\\)m of the white dwarf companion HD 114174 B which is at a separation of \\(\\simeq\\) 0.5\" and a contrast of \\(\\simeq\\) 10 magnitudes (\\(10^{4}\\) fainter than the K\\(\\sim\\)5.3 mag host star). We compare these first on-sky images with our latest, most informed and realistic end-to-end simulations through the same pipeline. Additionally we provide information on how we succeeded with the target acquisition with all five NIRCam focal plane masks and their four corresponding wedged Lyot stops.
Paper
Limits on the Optical Brightness of the Epsilon Eridani Dust Ring
The STIS/CCD camera on the {\\em Hubble Space Telescope (HST)} was used to take deep optical images near the K2V main-sequence star \\(\\epsilon\\) Eridani in an attempt to find an optical counterpart of the dust ring previously imaged by sub-mm observations. Upper limits for the optical brightness of the dust ring are determined and discussed in the context of the scattered starlight expected from plausible dust models. We find that, even if the dust is smoothly distributed in symmetrical rings, the optical surface brightness of the dust, as measured with the {\\em HST}/STIS CCD clear aperture at 55 AU from the star, cannot be brighter than about 25 STMAG/\"\\(^2\\). This upper limit excludes some solid grain models for the dust ring that can fit the IR and sub-mm data. Magnitudes and positions for \\(\\approx \\)59 discrete objects between 12.5\" to 58\" from \\(\\epsilon\\) Eri are reported. Most if not all of these objects are likely to be background stars and galaxies.
Paper