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The Trophic Cascade Theory has been used to explain the organization of herbivorous insect communities in tropical ecosystems. In addition, the insect community associated with a species of plant can also be determined by the geographical distribution and taxonomic isolation of the plant. In this study, the following predictions about the number of herbivores associated with particular host plants were tested: (i) plant species belonging to large taxonomic groups with broad geographical distributions have a higher number, (ii) the abundance of ants negatively affects herbivore insect diversity, (iii) local plant diversity positively affects chewing herbivore diversity and (iv) local abundance of a specifi c host plant positively affects the diversity of sucking herbivores. The samples of insect herbivores were collected from 32 plants (16 plants of Erythroxylum suberosum and 16 of Qualea parviflora) by beating. A total of 71 ants (13 species) and 158 herbivorous insects (90 species) were collected from these two species of plants. The richness and abundance of the insect herbivores collected from E. suberosum differed from those collected from Q. parviflora. The abundance of ants negatively affected the diversity of sucking insects associated with E. suberosum. In addition, the interaction between the variables total plant richness per plot and ant abundance affected the diversity of chewing insects associated with E. suberosum. The density of Q. parviflora per plot affected the diversity of associated sucking insects. In addition, the interaction of the variables abundance of ants and abundance of Q. parviflora infl uenced the diversity of chewing insects. Our results indicate that there is no predominance of bottom-up or top-down forces in the organization of herbivorous insect communities in this area of tropical savanna, but the roles of these forces on insect communities are guild-dependent.

Insects make up the bulk of terrestrial diversity and about half of insect species are herbivores that have direct relationships with their host plants and are the basis of the entire food chain, on which wildlife and humanity depend. Some herbivorous insect traits, such as their spatio-temporal distribution, are especially relevant in the current scenario of global changes, which are more pronounced in high elevation areas, helping to improve the effectiveness of conservation actions. Here we evaluated the influence that different spatiotemporal scales have on three free-feeding herbivorous insect guilds (fluid-feeding, leaf-chewing, and xylophagous insects) in montane forest islands immersed in a grassland-dominated matrix ( campo rupestre ). We assessed whether species turnover or nestedness was the main component determining both spatial and temporal species composition variation (β-diversity) of the herbivorous insect community. We also checked the temporal effect on herbivorous insect guilds composition between vertical strata. We sampled herbivorous insects during two summers and two winters in 14 forest islands of different sizes and shapes in a natural mountainous fragment located in southeastern Brazil. A total of 6597 herbivorous insects representing 557 morphospecies were sampled, 290 of which were fluid-feeding, 147 leaf-chewing and 120 xylophagous insects. We found a main contribution of time scale in the organization of the herbivorous insect composition sampled in this study, mainly by turnover, with small differences among guilds. Additionally, we could see that climate determined the local variation of species, corroborating that we have a highly variable always-green system over space and time where the understory community varies less in comparison to the canopy community. Our findings suggest that long-term ecological research on herbivorous community structure in relation to climatic variation is a key element for future investigations, which can be decisive for the conservation of herbivorous insect communities. We also suggest that the effects of anthropogenic pressures must be monitored in this system, since these forest islands may serve as warming refuges in a fragmented landscape holding an invaluable diversity of species that, without these old-growth forest reservoirs, would be doomed to disappear.

The Earth's most diverse group of organisms is facing an imminent crisis, as recent investigations suggest a remarkable decline in insect diversity. Within this context, altimontane forest islands might emerge as important refuges holding an invaluable diversity of species that would be doomed to disappear. Here, we aimed to examine the impact of fire on the temporal variation of ant, bee, butterfly, dung beetle, and wasp communities in natural and highly threatened altimontane forest islands. We predicted that fire incidence would increase the natural variation in the structure of these insects' communities over time. Furthermore, we predicted that each taxon would respond accordingly to their ability to move between forest islands (i.e., vagility). We sampled these five bioindicator taxa in the rainy seasons of 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2020 within 14 forest islands in southeast Brazil. We assessed the incidence (presence/absence) of fire occurrence on each forest island toward the end of the dry season in each sampling year. We found an influence of fire incidence on the species composition changes over time (temporal β‐diversity) in the less vagile insect groups: ants, and dung beetles. Nevertheless, we found no influence of fire incidence on shifts in species composition of highly vagile insects: bees, butterflies, and wasps. Importantly, species turnover was the primary component of temporal β‐diversity driving the interannual variation of all insect taxa examined in this study. Our results highlight the distinct responses of more‐or‐less vagile insect groups to fire in forested ecosystems and shed light on the drivers of vulnerability and resilience of these groups to this critical anthropogenic pressure. By understanding and elucidating the intricate responses of distinct insect communities to global stressors, we can strengthen our capacity to predict future trends in biodiversity decline and provide valuable insights for conservation efforts and environmental management strategies. Fire incidence influences changes in species composition over time (temporal β‐diversity) in less vagile insect groups (ants and dung beetles). Species turnover is the primary component of temporal β‐diversity driving the interannual variation of all insect taxa examined in this study.

Forest-grassland mosaics comprise a major component of tropical landscapes, hosting invaluable biodiversity and providing essential ecosystem services to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. While open biomes often benefit from disturbance, forests can particularly be susceptible to structural changes resulting from such disruptions. Here we evaluate the influence of fire on the structure and landscape properties within natural forest islands immersed in a matrix of megadiverse montane grasslands. We conducted this study in 15 forest islands located in southeastern Brazil, assessing its fire frequency, intensity, and post-fire time over an eleven-year period from January 2012 to December 2022. Our results show that fire frequency is linked to soil characteristics and the percentage of herbaceous cover within the forest islands. We also found that the post-fire time is related to the percentage cover of the forest islands’ associated herbs and shrubs. However, neither fire frequency, intensity, nor post-fire time was connected to significant changes in plant species richness, abundance, or in the upper vegetation strata (tree species richness and abundance, and canopy cover) in the interior of the forest islands. Furthermore, these fire-related variables did not result in temporal changes in the forest island’s canopy variation or landscape metrics. Our results underscore a low fire frequency and intensity within our study area, potentially explaining the limited fire-associated impact, and primarily on the lower vegetation strata. Despite acknowledging the relative stability of these forest islands under current fire regimes, we suggest further studies that can experimentally manipulate not only fire but also other anthropic disturbances for understanding the temporal dynamics of the forest islands and, consequently, their preservation. This perspective is indispensable for comprehensively understanding the ecological consequences of anthropogenic disturbances in natural forest islands.

Objective: To describe the support received by the second victim in falls suffered by hospitalized adult patients from the nursing team’s perspective. Materials and Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a large general hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 21 nursing professionals (seven nurses and fourteen nursing technicians) selected by random sampling, who worked in the inpatient units where falls occurred with a level of harm ranging from moderate to severe during March and May of 2020. The data were submitted to content analysis from July to August of the same year. Results: On the one hand, from the nursing team’s perspective, support for the second victim was considered incipient by the hospital institution. On the other, participants highlighted the support received by their families and peers in the work environment. The study followed the guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Conclusions: An institutional flow of support for the second victim needs to be formalized to mitigate the repercussions on staff.

Objective: To describe the support received by the second victim in falls suffered by hospitalized adult patients from the nursing team’s perspective. Materials and Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a large general hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 21 nursing professionals (seven nurses and fourteen nursing technicians) selected by random sampling, who worked in the inpatient units where falls occurred with a level of harm ranging from moderate to severe during March and May of 2020. The data were submitted to content analysis from July to August of the same year. Results: On the one hand, from the nursing team’s perspective, support for the second victim was considered incipient by the hospital institution. On the other, participants highlighted the support received by their families and peers in the work environment. The study followed the guidelines of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Conclusions: An institutional flow of support for the second victim needs to be formalized to mitigate the repercussions on staff. Objetivo: descrever o suporte recebido pela segunda vítima nas quedas de pacientes adultos hospitalizados sob a perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem. Materiais e método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em hospital geral de grande porte na região sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 21 trabalhadores de enfermagem (sete enfermeiros e 14 técnicos de enfermagem) selecionados por amostragem aleatória e que trabalhavam nas unidades de internação em que aconteceram quedas com grau de dano compreendido de moderado a grave, de março a maio de 2020. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, de julho a agosto do mesmo ano. Resultados: por um lado, na percepção da equipe de enfermagem, o suporte à segunda vítima foi considerado incipiente pela instituição hospitalar. Por outro, os participantes destacam o apoio recebido pelos seus familiares e por pares no ambiente de trabalho. O estudo seguiu as diretrizes do Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (Coreq). Conclusões: há necessidade de formalizar um fluxo institucional de suporte à segunda vítima a fim de mitigar as repercussões sobre os trabalhadores. Objetivo: describir el soporte recibido por la segunda víctima en las caídas de pacientes adultos hospitalizados desde la perspectiva del equipo de enfermería. Materiales y método: estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en hospital general de gran tamaño en la región sur de Brasil. Se realizó la recolección de dados por medio de entrevista semiestructurada con 21 trabajadores de enfermería (siete enfermeros y 14 técnicos de enfermería) seleccionados por muestra aleatoria y que trabajaban en las unidades de hospitalización en que ocurrieron caídas con grado de daño comprendido de moderado a grave, de marzo a mayo de 2020. Se sometieron los datos al análisis de contenido, de julio a agosto de dicho año. Resultados: por una parte, desde la percepción del equipo de enfermería, el soporte a la segunda víctima se consideró incipiente por la institución hospitalaria. Por otra, los participantes destacan el apoyo recibido por sus familiares y pares en el entorno laboral. El estudio siguió las directrices del Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (Coreq). Conclusiones: hay necesidad de formalizar un flujo institucional de soporte a la segunda víctima con el fin de mitigar las implicaciones a los trabajadores.

Objetivo: descrever o suporte recebido pela segunda vítima nas quedas de pacientes adultos hospitalizados sob a perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem. Materiais e método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em hospital geral de grande porte na região sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 21 trabalhadores de enfermagem (sete enfermeiros e 14 técnicos de enfermagem) selecionados por amostragem aleatória e que trabalhavam nas unidades de internação em que aconteceram quedas com grau de dano compreendido de moderado a grave, de março a maio de 2020. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, de julho a agosto do mesmo ano. Resultados: por um lado, na percepção da equipe de enfermagem, o suporte à segunda vítima foi considerado incipiente pela instituição hospitalar. Por outro, os participantes destacam o apoio recebido pelos seus familiares e por pares no ambiente de trabalho. O estudo seguiu as diretrizes do Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (Coreq). Conclusões: há necessidade de formalizar um fluxo institucional de suporte à segunda vítima a fim de mitigar as repercussões sobre os trabalhadores.