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"Kumar, Arun"
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Classification of ECG signal using FFT based improved Alexnet classifier
Electrocardiograms (ECG) are extensively used for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias. This paper investigates the use of machine learning classification algorithms for ECG analysis and arrhythmia detection. This is a crucial component of a conventional electronic health system, and it frequently necessitates ECG signal reduction for long-term data storage and remote transmission. Signal processing methods must be used to extract the function of the morphological properties of the ECG signal changing with time, which is difficult to discern in the typical visual depiction of the ECG signal. In biomedical research, signal processing and data analysis are commonly employed methodologies. This work proposes the use of an ECG arrhythmia classification method based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for feature extraction and an improved AlexNet classifier to distinguish the difference between four types of arrhythmia conditions that were collected from records. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm’s results are compared to those of other algorithms, and the simulation results prove that the proposed technique is more effective for various parameters. The final results of the proposed system show that its ability to find deviations is 20% better than that of traditional systems.
Journal Article
Dissection of genomic regions underlying early seedling vigour in chickpea through genome-wide association mapping
Background
Chickpea (
Cicer arietinum
L.) is the most important pulse in India and one of the most important worldwide. In order to increase the chickpea production area, the rainfed rice fallows are being targeted to adopt rice-chickpea cropping system. Early seedling vigour (ESV) is an important trait which enables the crop to have better germination, crop stand, utilization of residual soil moisture, faster biomass accumulation and better root growth under poor soil structure. Till date there has been no work done regarding the mapping of genomic regions controlling ESV in chickpea.
Results
We conducted a genome-wide association study taking 13 traits related to ESV in a diverse panel of the reference set of ICRISAT. GWAS was conducted using FarmCPU and BLINK model and a total of 34 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified. We were able to identify putative 36 candidate genes linked to the MTAs such as Lateral Root Primordium 1, Auxin-Induced Protein 22D-Like, Transcription factor MYB3-like etc. Most of these genes are involved in primary and lateral root formation, development of meristem, hormone signaling and germination that ultimately regulate the seedling vigour in chickpea.
Conclusion
Our findings have identified substantial genetic variability for early seedling vigour traits in chickpea. Phenotypic screening has enabled to identification of highly vigorous genotypes like ICC15567, ICC8318. We also reported novel MTAs linked to ESV traits in chickpea, which can be further validated using functional genomic studies. The findings of this study will help in further understanding of ESV as a trait and the development of early vigorous chickpea varieties in future.
Journal Article
Kerala's economy : crouching tiger, sacred cows
Papers presented at a conference held in 2005 in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India ; articles with reference to Kerala, India.
Book
Increased sensitivity of etoposide-treated breast cancer cells with an ATM inhibitor
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Therefore, developing targeted combination therapies that improve overall survival in breast cancer patients continues to pose a major clinical challenge. Etoposide (ETO), a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces transient double-strand breaks by blocking the cleavable complex, is currently used in high doses to treat radioresistant or metastatic breast cancers. To enhance the effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy, targeting molecular mechanisms involved in DNA repair of induced DNA lesions could selectively increase tumor cell death. Since the effects of ETO are primarily seen during the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, its efficacy could potentially be enhanced by using an inhibitor of a DNA repair gene involved in homologous recombination, which is mainly active during these phases. In this context, synthetic lethality refers to the concept that inhibiting or mutating two or more genes simultaneously leads to greater cell death than altering them individually. The FDA approval of Olaparib, a specific PARP inhibitor for BRCA-mutated breast cancer patients, has motivated researchers to explore other synthetic lethal interactions that could increase DNA damage accumulation, leading to cancer cell death. We demonstrate that successive treatment of breast cancer cells with specific inhibitors of ATM kinase and topoisomerase II in vitro can induce increased apoptosis. ATM is an apical kinase that recognizes DNA double-strand breaks and activates the homologous recombination repair pathway, either directly or through cell cycle checkpoint control. Topoisomerase II poisons generate enzyme-mediated DNA damage, leading to permanent double-strand breaks. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was performed to assess the increase in DNA damage during combination treatment with inhibitors. Additionally, cell viability tests and fluorescent staining assay were conducted to evaluate the extent of cell death. We found that targeting ETO-treated breast cancer cells with an ATM kinase inhibitor, KU-55933 (KU) induced higher chromosomal damage/aberrations, as evaluated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The ATM kinase inhibitor also significantly reduced the viability of ETO-treated breast cancer cells.
Journal Article
Intelligent pervasive computing systems for smarter healthcare
\"This book describes the innovations in healthcare made possible by computing through bio-sensors. The reader learns how that goal is being pursued by the editors' examination of topics such as the design and development of pervasive healthcare technologies, data modeling and information management, wearable biosensors and their systems, and more. The pervasive computing paradigm offers tremendous advantages in diversified areas of healthcare research and technology. Pervasive computational support enables the optimization of medical assessment for a healthier, safer, and more productive society\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Temporal trends in hyperuricaemia in the Irish health system from 2006-2014: A cohort study
Elevated serum uric acid (sUA) concentrations are common in the general population and are associated with chronic metabolic conditions and adverse clinical outcomes. We evaluated secular trends in the burden of hyperuricaemia from 2006-2014 within the Irish health system.
Data from the National Kidney Disease Surveillance Programme was used to determine the prevalence of elevated sUA in adults, age > 18 years, within the Irish health system. Hyperuricaemia was defined as sUA > 416.4 μmol/L in men and > 339.06 μmol/L in women, and prevalence was calculated as the proportion of patients per year with mean sUA levels above sex-specific thresholds. Temporal trends in prevalence were compared from 2006 to 2014 while general estimating equations (GEE) explored variation across calendar years expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI).
From 2006 to 2014, prevalence of hyperuricaemia increased from 19.7% to 25.0% in men and from 20.5% to 24.1% in women, P<0.001. The corresponding sUA concentrations increased significantly from 314.6 (93.9) in 2006 to 325.6 (96.2) in 2014, P<0.001. Age-specific prevalence increased in all groups from 2006 to 2014, and the magnitude of increase was similar for each age category. Adjusting for baseline demographic characteristics and illness indicators, the likelihood of hyperuricemia was greatest for patients in 2014; OR 1.45 (1.26-1.65) for men and OR 1.47 (1.29-1.67) in women vs 2006 (referent). Factors associated with hyperuricaemia included: worsening kidney function, elevated white cell count, raised serum phosphate and calcium levels, elevated total protein and higher haemoglobin concentrations, all P<0.001.
The burden of hyperuricaemia is substantial in the Irish health system and has increased in frequency over the past decade. Advancing age, poorer kidney function, measures of nutrition and inflammation, and regional variation all contribute to increasing prevalence, but these do not fully explain emerging trends.
Journal Article
Finite Samples and Uncertainty Estimates for Skill Measures for Seasonal Prediction
The expected value for various measures of skill for seasonal climate predictions is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. The expected value, however, is only realized for long verification time series. In practice, the verifications for specific seasons—for example, forecasts for the December–February seasonal mean—seldom exceed a sample size of 30. The estimates of skill measure based on small verification time series, because of sampling errors, can have large departures from their expected value. An analysis of spread in the estimates of skill measures with the length of verification time series and for different signal-to-noise ratios is made. The analysis is based on the Monte Carlo approach and skill measures for deterministic, categorical, and probabilistic forecasts are considered. It is shown that the behavior of spread for various skill measures can be very different and it is not always the largest for the small values of signal-to-noise ratios.
Journal Article
Gravitational waves in neutrino plasma and NANOGrav signal
The recent finding of the gravitational wave (GW) signal by the NANOGrav collaboration in the nHZ frequency range has opened up the door for the existence of stochastic GWs. In the present work, we have argued that in a hot dense neutrino asymmetric plasma, GWs could be generated due to the instability caused by the finite difference in the number densities of the different species of the neutrinos. The generated GWs have amplitude and frequency in the sensitivity range of the NANOGrav observation. We have shown that the GWs generated by this mechanism could be one of the possible explanations for the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also discussed generation of GWs in an inhomogeneous cosmological neutrino plasma, where GWs are generated when neutrinos enter a free streaming regime. We show that the generated GWs in an inhomogeneous neutrino plasma cannot explain the observed NANOGrav signal. We have also calculated the lower bound on magnetic fields’ strength using the NANOGrav signal and found that to explain the signal, the magnetic fields’ strength should have at least value ∼10-12 G at an Mpc length scale.
Journal Article