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Understanding the structure-function relationship of cells and organelles in their natural context requires multidimensional imaging. As techniques for multimodal 3-D imaging have become more accessible, effective processing, visualization, and analysis of large datasets are posing a bottleneck for the workflow. Here, we present a new software package for high-performance segmentation and image processing of multidimensional datasets that improves and facilitates the full utilization and quantitative analysis of acquired data, which is freely available from a dedicated website. The open-source environment enables modification and insertion of new plug-ins to customize the program for specific needs. We provide practical examples of program features used for processing, segmentation and analysis of light and electron microscopy datasets, and detailed tutorials to enable users to rapidly and thoroughly learn how to use the program.

Epidemic models can play a major role in understanding the spread of diseases and their control. These mathematical models have plenty of significance in various scientific domains, including public health, to investigate disease propagation and ecology. This article explains the dynamics of SIR epidemic model of arbitrary order with aid of a precise numerical approach called Genocchi wavelet collocation method. The main purpose of this investigation is to explore and discover the results for system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations arising in the considered mathematical model and to investigate the dynamical aspects of SIR model via Caputo fractional derivative which is non-local in behaviour. The projected method depicts rapid algorithms and is extremely precise, reliable, and uses fewer computational resources. Also, this method is simpler than the other traditional numerical methods as it merges the operational matrix with the collocation method in order to transform fractional-order problem into algebraic equations which enables to obtain satisfactory results. The approximate solution obtained using proposed algorithm exposes the nature of their interactions. Furthermore, the numerical outcomes are represented through graphs for different fractional order and compared the results with Runge–Kutta method and residual power series method. The projected technique is very effective, accurate, free from controlling parameters and consume less time to investigate nonlinear complications arising in diverse fields of epidemical and biological models. Ultimately, the current study help to inspect the wild class of models and their performance which are occurring in real world.

We present a joint test of cosmic curvature, Ωk0, and the cosmic distance–duality relation (CDDR) using the Etherington relation, which connects the luminosity and angular diameter distances at the same redshift. In this work, we combine the angular diameter distance measurements from recent Baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) observations with luminosity distances reconstructed from cosmic chronometers data of Hubble parameter H(z) using a nonparametric technique, Gaussian process. A key part of our analysis is the systematic comparison of different BAO measurements—two dimensional (2D) BAO, three-dimensional (3D) BAO, and 3D Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument BAO—to determine whether any potential tension between angular and anisotropic BAO data affects constraints on the distance duality parameter η(z) and Ωk0. We adopt four representative parameterizations of η(z) to examine the correlation between η(z) and Ωk0. Our results show no evidence for violation of the CDDR, with η(z) consistent with unity at the 99% confidence level for all BAO datasets and parameterizations. In all scenarios, the best-fit values of Ωk0 mildly favor a nonflat universe, although a spatially flat universe remains compatible at the 95% confidence level. The constraints on η1 and Ωk0 indicate slight variations across different BAO datasets, but the discrepancies between the 2D and 3D BAO measurements do not introduce any significant bias, and no statistically meaningful tension is observed. Our work provides robust constraints on cosmic curvature and the validity of the CDDR based on nonparametric distance reconstruction.

In this work, we observationally constrain two phenomenological f ( G ) gravity models at the background level using Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon+ (PP) sample, cosmic chronometer (CC) measurements, and the recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data released by DESI. The analysis is performed using two dataset combinations: (i) PP+CC and (ii) PP+CC+DESI BAO. The modified Friedmann equations are solved numerically for two functional forms of f ( G ) gravity, namely the power-law and exponential models. The cosmological parameters are constrained through Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. To evaluate the statistical performance of the models, we compute the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AIC c ) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Our results show that both f ( G ) models provide background evolutions consistent with current observational data. While the AIC c criterion indicates that the models are statistically comparable to the Λ CDM model, the BIC slightly favors the simpler Λ CDM scenario due to its smaller number of free parameters. In addition, the exponential model predicts a distinctive future dynamical feature, namely an additional transition from accelerated to decelerated expansion at z ≈ - 0.086 , which is absent in both the power-law model and the Λ CDM framework.

Pharmaceutical companies are investigating more source matrices for natural bioactive chemicals. Friedelin (friedelan-3-one) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from various plant species from different families as well as mosses and lichen. The fundamental compounds of these friedelane triterpenoids are abundantly found in cork tissues and leaf materials of diverse plant genera such as Celastraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Myrtaceae. They possess many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Friedelin also has an anti-insect effect and the ability to alter the soil microbial ecology, making it vital to agriculture. Ultrasound, microwave, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and acid hydrolysis extract friedelin with reduced environmental impact. Recently, the high demand for friedelin has led to the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and gene overexpression plasmids to produce friedelin using genetically engineered yeast. Friedelin with low cytotoxicity to normal cells can be the best phytochemical for the drug of choice. The review summarizes the structural interpretation, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, quantification, and various forms of pharmacological significance.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combining SGLT2 inhibitors with or without DPP4 inhibitors as an add-on therapy for type 2 diabetes patients. Study Design: Quasi-Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital and Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, from Mar 21 to Dec 23.  Methodology: The study assessed type 2 diabetes patients on Metformin alone with an HbA1c level exceeding 7% and evaluated various clinical and biochemical markers. Results: In a study of 239 obese and poorly controlled diabetic patients, 58.58% were female, and 41.42% were male, with an age range of 40-60 years. Diabetes duration was below 5 years in 17.57% of patients, between 5 and 10 years in 44.45%, and over 10 years in 38.07%. The treatment groups were as follows: Metformin + SGLT2 inhibitors (27.00%), Metformin + DPP4 inhibitors (32.00%), and all three combinations (41.00%). During a span of 36 weeks, a significant difference was seen in the levels of HbA1c (p < 0.001). Moreover, the BMI of male subjects. In addition, there were significant decreases in FBS, RBS, and triglyceride levels, whereas creatinine levels did not change. Conclusion: Metformin, when combined with SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitors, improves glycaemic control and weight reduction in morbid obesity patients, especially in males, with significant changes in HbA1c, fasting, and postprandial glucose levels.

In this paper, we report a fast, linear wide-range hybrid flexible sensor based on a novel composite of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) and poly 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) as a sensing layer. Inter-digitate electrodes (IDEs) were printed for humidity monitoring (finger: 250 µm; spacing: 140 µm; length: 8 mm) whilst a meander-based pattern was printed for the temperature measurement (meander thickness: 180 µm; spacing: 400 µm) on each side of the PET substrate using silver ink. Moreover, active layers with different concentration ratios were coated on the electrodes using a spray coating technique. The as-developed sensor showed an excellent performance, with a humidity measurement range of (10–90% RH) and temperature measurement range of (25–90 °C) with a fast response (humidity: 5 s; temperature: 4.2 s) and recovery time (humidity: 8 s; temperature: 4.4 s). The reliability of the sensor during mechanical bending of up to 5.5 mm was validated with a reliable performance. The sensor was also used in real-world applications to measure human respiration. For this, a suggested sensor-based autonomous wireless node was included in a 3D-printed mask. The manufactured sensor was an excellent contender for wearable and environmental applications because of its exceptional performance, which allowed for the simultaneous measurement of both quantities by a single sensing device.

Objective: To determine the medical students’ perception and feedback of Simulation Based Teaching at Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan during the period December 2024 to January 2025. All final year students of DMC were given a chance to participate in this study. Online Google Form was created, and no personal data was collected. The questionnaire measured three domains of student’s perception to teaching at simulation lab. Results: A total of 112 students participated in the study. Satisfaction was defined if the mean score of a factor was ≥ 3.0. The mean satisfaction score with respect to the first domain which is related to SBL, simulation laboratory and instructors was 4.3±0.80. The mean score related to the second domain related to positive aspects of SBL was 4.29 ±0.70. Reverse coding was done for three questions in the third domain namely the negative aspects of SBL. The mean score of the third domain was found to be 2.61±1.01. Conclusion: Study reveal a favourable perception of medical students to SBL with regards to the teachers, the realism of the scenarios and the beneficial effects of SBL concerning its helpfulness in retaining medical knowledge, improving communication skills and confidence in dealing with future emergency situations. Our results also reveal a significant need in increasing the number of manikins’ and teachers/instructors at the simulation laboratory.

COVID-19 pandemic had adversely affected the services of the tiol Tuberculosis (TB) Elimition Programme, resulting in psychological distress among pulmory tuberculosis patients (PTB). This cross-sectiol, hospital-based study included 361 PTB patients. Three pre-defined questionires were used for the alysis, a questionire to evaluate anxiety related to COVID-19, a patient health questionire (PHQ-9) for depression, and a fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) questionire. Among 361 PTB patients, 13% (n=47) had COVID-19 infection. Out of the total patients, 69% (n=250) were DR-TB (drug resistance-tuberculosis) cases. Proportion of anxiety, fear and depression due to COVID-19 was found in 49% (n=177), 23% (n=83), 67% (n=247) respectively. Delay in the initiation of anti-tubercular treatment was found in 58% (n=210) of the cases, among which the majority, i.e., 69% (n=172, p=0.011), were DR-TB. This pandemic has led to a sudden step-down of PTB. Trend alysis of the psychological distress showed a peak following the COVID-19 pandemic. Most DR-TB patients had delayed initiation of the anti-tubercular treatment during the pandemic. The preponderance of the younger age group was seen in the pulmory tuberculosis patients, and a majority of them had DR-TB. Depression was the predomint psychological distress among the study subjects during the pandemic.