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"Kumar, Narayan"
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IoT security paradigms and applications : research and practices
\"Integration of IoT (Internet of Things) with Big data and cloud computing has brought forward numerous advantages and challenges such as data analytics, integration and storage. Present book highlights these challenges and provide an integrating framework for these technologies illustrating role of blockchain in all the possible facets of IoT security. Further, it investigates the security and privacy issues associated with various IoT systems along with exploring various machine learning based IoT security solutions. It brings together state-of-the-art innovations, research activities (both in academia and industry), and the corresponding standardization impacts of 5G as well\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Incorporation of the equilibrium temperature approach in a Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydroclimatological stream temperature model
Stream temperature is an important indicator for biodiversity and sustainability in aquatic ecosystems. The stream temperature model currently in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) only considers the impact of air temperature on stream temperature, while the hydroclimatological stream temperature model developed within the SWAT model considers hydrology and the impact of air temperature in simulating the water–air heat transfer process. In this study, we modified the hydroclimatological model by including the equilibrium temperature approach to model heat transfer processes at the water–air interface, which reflects the influences of air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and streamflow conditions on the heat transfer process. The thermal capacity of the streamflow is modeled by the variation of the stream water depth. An advantage of this equilibrium temperature model is the simple parameterization, with only two parameters added to model the heat transfer processes. The equilibrium temperature model proposed in this study is applied and tested in the Athabasca River basin (ARB) in Alberta, Canada. The model is calibrated and validated at five stations throughout different parts of the ARB, where close to monthly samplings of stream temperatures are available. The results indicate that the equilibrium temperature model proposed in this study provided better and more consistent performances for the different regions of the ARB with the values of the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) greater than those of the original SWAT model and the hydroclimatological model. To test the model performance for different hydrological and environmental conditions, the equilibrium temperature model was also applied to the North Fork Tolt River Watershed in Washington, United States. The results indicate a reasonable simulation of stream temperature using the model proposed in this study, with minimum relative error values compared to the other two models. However, the NSE values were lower than those of the hydroclimatological model, indicating that more model verification needs to be done. The equilibrium temperature model uses existing SWAT meteorological data as input, can be calibrated using fewer parameters and less effort and has an overall better performance in stream temperature simulation. Thus, it can be used as an effective tool for predicting the changes in stream temperature regimes under varying hydrological and meteorological conditions. In addition, the impact of the stream temperature simulations on chemical reaction rates and concentrations was tested. The results indicate that the improved performance of the stream temperature simulation could significantly affect chemical reaction rates and the simulated concentrations, and the equilibrium temperature model could be a potential tool to model stream temperature in water quality simulations.
Journal Article
Adapting to COVID-19 disruptions: student engagement in online learning of accounting
Purpose
This paper aims to provide insights on student engagement in the learning of accounting during the COVID-19 disruptions and the pivot to online learning.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on reflections of academic staff members teaching accounting papers at two large New Zealand universities. Further supporting information was derived from student feedback collected via paper appraisals.
Findings
The findings of this paper suggest that there were some successes and numerous challenges in engaging students in online learning of accounting. Strategies that seem to have worked well include the use of synchronous and asynchronous channels to proactively facilitate and provide learning support to students in online learning. The challenges include frustrations with online technologies and the difficulties of making personal connections with students; therefore, engaging some of the cohort in the learning proved to be difficult.
Research limitations/implications
The findings of this paper suggest that there were some successes and numerous challenges in engaging students in online learning of accounting. Strategies that seem to have worked well include the use of synchronous and asynchronous channels to proactively facilitate and provide learning support to students in online learning. The challenges include frustrations with online technologies and the difficulties of making personal connections with students; therefore, engaging some of the cohort in the learning proved to be difficult. At risk, students were less likely to participate in online live sessions due to issues such as the lack of proper computer equipment, connectivity issues, family responsibilities or the home environment.
Practical implications
This paper has the potential to inform and enhance practices of higher education institutions, accounting educators and other stakeholders such as support staff on strategies that could be implemented to achieve effective student engagement in online accounting education.
Originality/value
This paper is original and contributes towards sharing ideas with the academic community on effective teaching practices used during the COVID-19 pivot to online delivery, which can enhance student engagement in business education.
Journal Article
Concurrent nanotherapeutics and regulatory updates for the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a focused review for orphan drug (Tofersen)
Background
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. With a global incidence of 1.9 to 6 per 100,000 people, ALS is slightly more common in men and prevalent in individuals over 60. However, this review provides a concise update on the regulatory landscape and therapeutic advancements in managing ALS, focusing on the recent approval of Tofersen, the first gene therapy specifically targeting SOD1 mutation-related ALS.
Results
It highlights Tofersen unique role as an orphan drug approved by the US FDA, emphasizing its mechanism of action, gene silencing and its impact on reducing neurodegeneration. Additionally, the review synthesizes data from ongoing clinical trials, pharmacovigilance reports, and case studies to comprehensively understand Tofersen’s safety, efficacy and market exclusivity. Beyond this, it explores the emerging potential of nanotherapeutic approaches to ALS treatment, identifying critical research gaps and future directions.
Conclusion
Integrating regulatory updates, clinical evidence, and innovative therapeutic strategies, the review uniquely contributes to the ALS literature by bridging current treatment realities with potential future therapies, aiming to inform researchers, clinicians, and policymakers on optimizing ALS management.
Graphical Abstract
Article Highlights
This review provides a concurrent approach to nanotherapeutics and updates clinical trials for the therapeutic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
It offers the latest regulatory updates on Tofersen, which is categorised as an orphan drug.
The review also provides comprehensive information on the disease pathophysiology of ALS, single-cell molecular dynamics, case study reports, clinical trials, the physicochemical profile, and the regulatory status of Tofersen.
Furthermore, it highlights major gaps in current nanotherapeutics approaches, offering valuable insights for future research.
Journal Article
Modelling Watershed and River Basin Processes in Cold Climate Regions: A Review
Watersheds in cold regions provide water, food, biodiversity and ecosystem service. However, the increasing demand for water resources and climate change challenge our ability to provide clean freshwater. Particularly, watersheds in cold regions are more sensitive to changing climate due to their glaciers’ retreat and permafrost. This review revisits watershed system and processes. We analyze principles of watershed modelling and characteristics of watersheds in cold regions. Then, we show observed evidence of their impacts of cold processes on hydrological and biogeochemical processes and ecosystems, and review the watershed modeling and their applications in cold regions. Finally, we identify the knowledge gaps in modeling river basins according to model structures and representations of processes and point out research priorities in future model development.
Journal Article
Has COVID-19 changed the stock return-oil price predictability pattern?
In this paper, we examine if COVID-19 has impacted the relationship between oil prices and stock returns predictions using daily Japanese stock market data from 01/04/2020 to 03/17/2021. We make a novel contribution to the literature by testing whether the COVID-19 pandemic has changed this predictability relationship. Employing an empirical model that controls for seasonal effects, return-related control variables, heteroskedasticity, persistency, and endogeneity, we demonstrate that the influence of oil prices on stock returns declined by around 89.5% due to COVID-19. This implies that when COVID-19 reduced economic activity and destabilized financial markets, the influence of oil prices on stock returns declined. This finding could have implications for trading strategies that rely on oil prices.
Journal Article
Modeling nitrous oxide emissions from rough fescue grassland soils subjected to long-term grazing of different intensities using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Given the rising nitrous oxide (N
2
O) concentration in the atmosphere, it has become increasingly important to identify hot spots and hot moments of N
2
O emissions. With field measurements often failing to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of N
2
O emissions, estimating them with modeling tools has become an attractive alternative. Therefore, we incorporated several semi-empirical equations to estimate N
2
O emissions with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool from nitrification and denitrification processes in soil. We then used the model to simulate soil moisture and the N
2
O flux from grassland soils subjected to long-term grazing (> 60 years) at different intensities in Alberta, Canada. Sensitivity analysis showed that parameters controlling the N
2
O flux from nitrification were most sensitive. On average, the accuracy of N
2
O emission simulations were found to be satisfactory, as indicated by the selected goodness-of-fit statistics and predictive uncertainty band, while the model simulated the soil moisture with slightly higher accuracy. As expected, emissions were higher from the plots with greater grazing intensity. Scenario analysis showed that the N
2
O emissions with the recommended fertilizer rate would dominate the emissions from the projected wetter and warmer future. The combined effects of fertilization and wetter and warmer climate scenarios would increase the current N
2
O emission levels by more than sixfold, which would be comparable to current emission levels from agricultural soils in similar regions.
Journal Article
Future water security under climate change: a perspective of the Grand River Watershed
Climate change poses a threat to the water security of the Grand River Watershed (GRW) by altering the precipitation patterns and other weather variables, which affect streamflow and freshwater availability. Therefore, in this study, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the GRW, Ontario, Canada, was used to assess the blue and green water scarcity for future periods for future sustainable management of freshwater resources in the region. The ensemble results predicted a warmer and wetter future for the GRW. The ensemble model result, when considering both emission scenarios and future periods, showed that blue water (BW) is projected to increase by 23–40% while green water storage (GWS) is projected to experience an overall decrease (2–8%). The results suggested that BW may become more scarce compared to green water in the future. The scarcity of BW is primarily due to the projected increase in population growth and water demand in the watershed. Green water scarcity in some regions indicated that changes in irrigation might be needed in the future in some parts of the watershed. The results indicate that the careful planning is essential for future water management in GRW.
Journal Article