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A bstract We study the twisted partition function of quarter BPS states in CHL models and show that for a large class of single-centered black holes, the degeneracy of microstates is given by the Fourier coefficients of mock Jacobi forms. Our analysis is a continuation of the programme initiated by Dabholkar, Murthy and Zagier (DMZ) for 1/4-BPS dyons in N = 4 string theory and further extended by Bhand, Sen and Singh (BSS) to quarter BPS states in CHL models. We also present the multiplicative lift construction of the partition function and comment on the additive lift of the same.

A bstract Asymptotic symmetry plays an important role in determining physical observables of a theory. Recently, in the context of four dimensional asymptotically flat pure gravity and N = 1 supergravity, it has been proposed that OPEs of appropriate celestial amplitudes can be used to find their asymptotic symmetries. In this paper we find the asymptotic symmetry algebras of four dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills and Einstein-Maxwell theories using this alternative approach, namely using the OPEs of their respective celestial amplitudes. The algebra obtained here are in agreement with the known results in the literature.

Here, we have demonstrated the successful exfoliation of graphite into a layered material with scotch tape-like exfoliation. Sulfur acts as an exfoliating agent and exfoliates the loosely bounded graphite stacks. The shear force by ball milling provides the force required to overcome the van der Waals force between the layers. The MnO 2 nanorods were synthesized using a KMnO 4 precursor in a hydrothermal arrangement, and due to their intrinsic chemisorption capability, they were doped for polysulfide trapping. With an initial capacity of 1150 mAh/g achieved by the MnO 2 nanorod-doped exfoliate-graphite/sulfur composite material, the material has displayed its application in lithium–sulfur batteries, but its use is not limited; it can be a low-cost eco-friendly solution to various energy storage systems with extensive structural qualities.

Plant pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, remain major constraints to global agricultural productivity, threatening food security and ecosystem sustainability. Conventional diagnostic methods such as culture-based assays, ELISA, and PCR provide reliable results but are often time-consuming, resource-intensive, and limited in field applicability. Recent advances in biosensing technology have emerged as transformative alternatives, offering rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of plant pathogens. Biosensors (integrating bioreceptors with electrochemical, optical, or piezoelectric transducers) enable real-time monitoring of pathogens at very low concentrations, often before visible symptoms appear. Innovations such as nanomaterial-enhanced platforms, CRISPR-based biosensors, microfluidics, and paper-based devices have improved detection accuracy, portability, and user-friendliness, making them suitable for field deployment. Furthermore, coupling biosensing with digital agriculture tools, artificial intelligence, and IoT facilitates predictive diagnostics, precision crop management, and environmentally sustainable practices. Despite these advances, challenges remain in ensuring long-term stability, affordability, and scalability, particularly for smallholder farmers. Addressing these gaps is essential to achieve widespread adoption. Overall, biosensing technologies hold significant potential to revolutionize plant disease management, minimize yield losses, reduce chemical dependency, and strengthen climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of climate change on the surface water hydrology of the Gopad river basin in India. The outputs of four CMIP6 Global Climate Models have been downscaled using the statistical downscaling method to the basin level. A comparative analysis for the accuracy achieved in the bias correction for the combination of GCM and downscaling method has been performed before utilising the downscaled weather parameters for hydrological study. The MIROC6 and ACCESS-CM2 were found best for the simulation of precipitation and temperature, respectively. The Distribution Mapping and Variance Scaling methods have shown better accuracy w.r.t other statistical methods. The impact of climate change has been found significant since the temperature has been observed to be increased by 3.16 °C by the end of 2060; meanwhile, there is an average decrease of 9.2% in the annual rainfall from the baseline. The peak runoff has increased while there is a significant decrease in the groundwater recharge. Further, hydrologically critical subbasins (HCS) have been delineated based on the runoff, groundwater recharge, and baseflow. Most HCS was observed to be situated in the upper Gopad river basin, representing the area's pristine conditions. HIGHLIGHTS The ACCESS-CM2 and MIROC6 are more accurate for the study area. The Variance Scaling and Distribution Mapping methods have shown better accuracy than others. A rise in average temperature has been observed, while there is a decrease in annual rainfall from the baseline. The area with less human intervention has proven to be hydrologically critical for the Gopad river basin.

A bstract It is known that 𝒩 = 8 supergravity is dual to 𝒩 = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) via the double copy relation. Using the explicit relation between scattering amplitudes in the two theories, we calculate the soft and collinear limits in 𝒩 = 8 supergravity from know results in 𝒩 = 4 SYM. In our application of double copy, a particular self-duality condition is chosen for scalars that allows us to constrain and determine the R-symmetry indices of the supergravity states in the collinear limit.

It is known that = 8 supergravity is dual to = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) via the double copy relation. Using the explicit relation between scattering amplitudes in the two theories, we calculate the soft and collinear limits in = 8 supergravity from know results in = 4 SYM. In our application of double copy, a particular self-duality condition is chosen for scalars that allows us to constrain and determine the R-symmetry indices of the supergravity states in the collinear limit.

Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF)-based nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) thin films for electrochemical applications have been synthesized by solution cast technique. NCPEs have 70PVDF:30Mg(NO 3 ) 2 solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) with conductivity ~7.3 × 10 –8 S cm –1 as phase-I and various nanoparticles as phase-II, dispersed in SPE for enhancement in its conductivity. These NCPE films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopic techniques to study the structural and electrical properties. XRD and FTIR studies of film confirms formation of complexes. From composition and temperature dependence of conductivity analysis, we have obtained an optimum conducting composition of NCPE, i.e., 70PVDF:30Mg(NO 3 ) 2 :3ZnO with conductivity σ = 3.7 × 10 –4 S cm –1 . Ionic transport number ( t ion = 0.99) have been calculated from Wagner’s dc polarization technique. Electrochemical cell has been fabricated using cell configuration Mg|NCPE|carbon cell and various cell parameters have been calculated from their discharge characteristics.

Inorganic solid electrolyte materials have great potential to overcome the issues of conventionally used organic liquid electrolyte materials in lithium ion batteries. Garnet-structured Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 based solid electrolyte materials having high ionic conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical stability and most importantly excellent stability with respect to lithium metal anode seems to be the most promising candidate to be applied in all solid-state lithium ion batteries. Garnet-structured electrolyte materials synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method requires intermittent grinding and calcination steps along with sufficiently high temperature and long time for sintering. A significant amount of lithium is lost during this lengthy synthesis process, resulting in lower ionic conductivity and bulk density. Since these two factors play the most important role in the performance of an electrolyte, therefore, some other synthesis methods are required, which help in enhancing the performance of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 based electrolytes and also are easy to operate, ecofriendly and cost effective. Here an overview of the various synthesis methods has been provided and their feasibility for Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 based solid electrolyte material preparation, in the context of their ionic conductivity enhancement and commercial applicability have been reviewed.

Cubic spinel LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) nanomaterial was synthesized by the solid-state method via double-step calcinations process, and AlPO 4 (AlP) nano-layer is used to modify the spinel LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) electrode material, which was manufactured using a chemical deposition solution process. The cubic spinel crystal structure of LiMn 2 O 4 wrapped by the AlPO 4  layer was verified by structural analysis (XRD) and morphological analysis (FESEM and HRTEM). TEM result indicates that the AlPO 4 nano-layer does not affect the bulk structure of pristine LiMn 2 O 4 material. The electrochemical results demonstrated that the AlPO 4 -wrapped LiMn 2 O 4 (AlP-LMO) cathode can still deliver its initial discharge capacity of 147.6 mAh g −1 , whereas the pristine LiMn 2 O 4 cathode has an initial discharge capacity of 116.4 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C rate. AlPO 4 nano coating can effectively prevent the increase of the charge transfer resistance during charge–discharge process and improve the electrochemical performance of AlP-LMO electrode due to the protective nature of AlPO 4 nano-layer. Graphic Abstract