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"Kumar, Yogesh"
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Brillouin zone folding driven bound states in the continuum
Non-radiative bound states in the continuum (BICs) allow construction of resonant cavities with confined electromagnetic energy and high-quality (
Q
) factors. However, the sharp decay of the
Q
factor in the momentum space limits their usefulness for device applications. Here we demonstrate an approach to achieve sustainable ultrahigh
Q
factors by engineering Brillouin zone folding-induced BICs (BZF-BICs). All the guided modes are folded into the light cone through periodic perturbation that leads to the emergence of BZF-BICs possessing ultrahigh
Q
factors throughout the large, tunable momentum space. Unlike conventional BICs, BZF-BICs show perturbation-dependent dramatic enhancement of the
Q
factor in the entire momentum space and are robust against structural disorders. Our work provides a unique design path for BZF-BIC-based silicon metasurface cavities with extreme robustness against disorder while sustaining ultrahigh
Q
factors, offering potential applications in terahertz devices, nonlinear optics, quantum computing, and photonic integrated circuits.
Periodic perturbations and guided mode engineering into Brillouin zone folding-induced bound states in the continuum resulted in ultrahigh
Q
factors that are both robust and sustainable across a broad range of tunable momentum space.
Journal Article
Organisational Adaptations : a Pluralistic Perspective
\"This book explores how enterprises adapt to challenges in their business environments. It focuses on the critical elements within organisations that every executive must address in order to remain competitive. It takes a pluralist approach in trying to broaden our knowledge on organisational adaptations. It also offers an exploratory delve into existing literature of organisational study. This is biased for content, context and process framework and processual analytic approach in order to identify, determine, understand the intricacies of adaptations going on in various business organisations. The book also includes a case study of how Kodak and Fujifilm responded to digitalisation of photographic film industry, which is an example of major adaptation change. Many global brands are often contending with similar issues and real life challenges. Simply put, today's business environment demands a new way of doing business that challenges brand's existing core business philosophy.\"--Publisher's website.
Book
Progress in pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials: a review
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique (PLAL) had started getting attention in late 1990, particularly for the production of the nanomaterials due to its easy handling and room-temperature synthesis process. Soon after the initial demonstration of nanomaterials generation from the PLAL technique, PLAL gradually becomes a green, facile and inexpensive method for the generation of ultrapure carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). In the past two decades, different allotropic forms of CNMs have been fabricated by using PLAL techniques such as graphene/graphene oxide nanosheet, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide quantum dots, nanodiamonds, carbogenic nanoparticles, polyynes and carbon-encapsulated metal-based nanoparticles. In this review article, we offer a comprehensive discussion on the progress achieved in the design and development of the PLAL method for the production of CNMs only (the year 1998–2020). Firstly, we have introduced the different types of PLAL methods widely used for CNMs fabrication. Secondly, the different types of factors affecting the physicochemical (structural, morphological, optical) properties of CNMs and the efficiency of CNMs production from PLAL method have been summarized in detail. The laser parameters and experimental conditions of the PLAL method, that affecting the physicochemical properties and efficiency of CNMs production are laser wavelengths, pulse duration and repetition rate, ablation duration, per-pulse energy density (fluence), PLAL setup design and nature of solvents. The results from different spectroscopic techniques for each kind of CNMs have been discussed thoroughly, to unambiguously differentiate the structural integrity of the CNMs from one another. Finally, the uses of CNMs for different applications in the present time, existing challenges in the PLAL methods and the future outlook of laser-assisted synthesized CNMs for novel applications were also discussed.
Journal Article
Role of artificial intelligence and robotics to foster the touchless travel during a pandemic: a review and research agenda
Purpose
The hospitality industry experienced an unanticipated challenge from the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research in this area is scarce. Accordingly, this study aims to unfold a three-angled research agenda to intensify the knowledge advancement in the hospitality sector. It proposes a theoretical framework by extending the protection motivation theory (PMT) to explain the guest’s intent to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics as a protective measure in reaction to COVID-19.
Design/methodology/approach
The research is centered on outlining the pertinent literature on hospitality management practices and the guest’s transformed behavior during the current crisis. This study intends to identify a research agenda based on investigating hospitality service trends in today’s changing times.
Findings
The study sets out a research agenda that includes three dimensions as follows: AI and robotics, cleanliness and sanitation and health care and wellness. This study’s findings suggest that AI and robotics may bring out definite research directions at the connection of health crisis and hospitality management, taking into account the COVID-19 crisis.
Practical implications
The suggested research areas are anticipated to propel the knowledge base and help the hospitality industry retrieve the COVID-19 crisis through digital transformation. AI and robotics are at the cusp of invaluable advancement that can revive the hotels while re-establish guests’ confidence in safe hotel practices. The proposed research areas are likely to impart pragmatic lessons to the hospitality industry to fight against disruptive situations.
Originality/value
This study stands out to be pioneer research that incorporated AI and robotics to expand the PMT and highlights how behavioral choices during emergencies can bring technological revolution.
Journal Article
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal trauma: a pictorial review
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been playing an increasingly important role in the spinal trauma patients due to high sensitivity for detection of acute soft tissue and cord injuries. More and more patients are undergoing MRI for spinal trauma in the emergency settings, thus necessitating the interpreting physicians to be familiar with MRI findings in spinal trauma. In this pictorial review, we will first describe the normal anatomy of various ligamentous structures. Indications of MRI in spinal trauma as well as the role of MRI in diagnosing spinal cord and soft tissue injuries will then be discussed. Illustrated cases are mainly of cervical spine trauma, but thoracolumbar spine injuries are also included where appropriate in our review.
Journal Article
Preconception nutrition intervention improved birth length and reduced stunting and wasting in newborns in South Asia: The Women First Randomized Controlled Trial
South Asia has >50% of the global burden of low birth weight (LBW). The objective was to determine the extent to which maternal nutrition interventions commenced before conception or in the 1st trimester improved fetal growth in this region. This was a secondary analysis of combined newborn anthropometric data for the South Asian sites (India and Pakistan) in the Women First Preconception Maternal Nutrition Trial. Participants were 972 newborn of mothers who were poor, rural, unselected on basis of nutritional status, and had been randomized to receive a daily lipid-based micronutrient supplement commencing ≥3 months prior to conception (Arm 1), in the 1st trimester (Arm 2), or not at all (Arm 3). An additional protein-energy supplement was provided if BMI <20 kg/m2 or gestational weight gain was less than guidelines. Gestational age was established in the 1st trimester and newborn anthropometry obtained <48-hours post-delivery. Mean differences at birth between Arm 1 vs. 3 were length +5.3mm and weight +89g. Effect sizes (ES) and relative risks (RR) with 95% CI for Arm 1 vs. 3 were: length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) +0.29 (0.11-0.46, p = 0.0011); weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) +0.22 (0.07-0.37, p = 0.0043); weight-to-length-ratio-for-age Z-score (WLRAZ) +0.27 (0.06-0.48, p = 0.0133); LAZ<-2, 0.56 (0.38-0.82, p = 0.0032); WAZ <-2, 0.68 (0.53-0.88, p = 0.0028); WLRAZ <-2, 0.76 (0.64-0.89, p = 0.0011); small-for-gestational-age (SGA), 0.74 (0.66-0.83, p<0.0001); low birth weight 0.81 (0.66-1.00, p = 0.0461). For Arm 2 vs. 3, LAZ, 0.21 (0.04-0.38); WAZ <-2, 0.70 (0.53-0.92); and SGA, 0.88 (0.79-0.97) were only marginally different. ES or RR did not differ for preterm birth for either Arm 1 vs. 3 or 2 vs. 3. In conclusion, point estimates for both continuous and binary anthropometric outcomes were consistently more favorable when maternal nutrition supplements were commenced ≥3 months prior to conception indicating benefits to fetal growth of improving women's nutrition in this population.
Journal Article
Seaweed as a Source of Natural Antioxidants: Therapeutic Activity and Food Applications
Seaweed is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, polysaccharides, antioxidants, minerals, and essential nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins that could be used as a functional ingredient. The variation in the composition of biologically active compounds in seaweeds depends on the environmental growth factors that make seaweed of the same species compositionally different across the globe. Nevertheless, all seaweeds exhibit extraordinary antioxidant potential which can be harnessed for a broad variety of food applications such as in preparation of soups, pasta, salads, noodles, and other country specific dishes. This review highlights the nutritional and bioactive compounds occurring in different classes of seaweeds while focusing on their therapeutic activities including but not limited to blood cell aggregation, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The review also explores the existing and potential application of seaweeds as a source of natural antioxidant in food products. Seaweed-derived compounds have great potential for being used as a supplement in functional foods due to their high stability as well as consumer demand for antioxidant-rich foods.
Journal Article
Understanding the Antinutritional Factors and Bioactive Compounds of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) and Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense)
Kodo and little millet (Kutki) have a variety of phytochemical constituents including derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acids, myricetin, catechin, luteolin, apigenin, daidzein, naringenin, kaempferol, and quercetin with vast health benefits and thus can be utilized as functional food ingredients. Millet-based foods and their food products have physiological and health-promoting impacts, notably antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and cardiovascular disease, and based on the actions of phytochemicals, it plays a major role in the body’s immune system. However, antinutrients (tannins, oxalate, trypsin inhibitor, and phytates) present in these millets restrict their utilization since these factors bind the essential nutrients and make them unavailable. Therefore, this review suggested overcoming the effects of antinutrients in these millets, thereby opening up important applications in food industries that may promote the development of novel functional foods. Various methods were discussed to eliminate the antinutrient factors in these millets, and hence, the review holds immense significance to the food industry for effectively utilizing these millets to develop value-added RTE/RTC products/functional food/beverages.
Journal Article
Anti‐nutritional compounds in pulses: Implications and alleviation methods
Pulses are a rich source of protein and minerals particularly for the vegetarian and vegan population. However, several anti‐nutritional compounds, such as trypsin inhibitor, phenolic compounds, phytates, cyanogenic compounds, lectins and saponins are also found in the legumes. Most of the anti‐nutritional compounds of the pulses are present in the seed coat. Most of these compounds are sensitive to heat and can be substantially reduced by milling, cooking, germination, fermentation and heat processing. This review paper summarizes anti‐nutritional compounds present in different pulses including their fractions, significance and beneficial and adverse effect on human health. The aim of this paper is to enlighten the readers about the anti‐nutritional compounds present in the pulses and possible processing methods to enhance utilization of pulses.
Journal Article