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This present research mainly focused on the behaviour of monolithically and precast portal frames made with lightweight fiber reinforced concrete. The lightweight fiber reinforced concrete (LWFRC) is achieved with Palm oil shells (POS) and glass fibers (G.F). The POS is replaced with coarse aggregates and the G.F is added to the concrete to increase ductility parameters. To reduce the further density of the concrete, replaced cement with GGBS and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) individually. All these replacements are helping the reduction of solid waste and greenhouse gases from cement Industries. Portal frames are made with M30 Grade LWFRC through replacements. All the precast frames are connected with the Dowel bar connection through the grouting. All the LWFRC frames are compared with conventional concrete frames. The palm oil shells are replaced up to 50% in coarse aggregates to diminish the density of the concrete and also to decrease the greenhouse gases from the cement industry; cement is replacing with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA).

In this present research inspection on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete members formed as Industrial waste. In the inspection, Palm Oil Shells (POS) are replacing in coarse aggregates (C.A). In this research, the lightweight concrete (LWC) is attained by substituting the coarse aggregates up to 50 percent employing Palm oil shells (POS). Replacing of C.A with POS in concrete making not individual solve the complexity of disposing of this solid misuse and also helps protect natural resources. To reduce CO 2 emissions from the cement industry, the cement is partially replaced with GGBS-ground granulated blast furnace slag and POFA - palm oil fuel ash, and adding 0.5% Glass fibers (G.F) to the volume of the concrete to increase ductility properties. Beams through varying dimensions were fictional and experienced under four-point bending and also Slabs with central load are considered. Data accessible includes deflection characteristics, Ductility Index. The investigation related to flexural actions of fiber-reinforced POS concrete be equivalent to the natural concrete and the new results compare sensibly fine with the Indian code of exercise.

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative advance in the world, in this concrete cement is fully substituted with pozzolanic materials like fly ash and GGBS. In this present study fly ash is replaced with POFA (Palm oil fuel ash) up to 25% (0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%), 10% of stone dust is replaced with sand. In addition to the above materials, 0.2% of polypropylene fibers were added to the volume of concrete. 2.5 ratio of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solutions are added as Alkali activators for 10M molarity. Initially, the specimens are oven cured 80° C for about 24hrs and after that leave for ambient curing. All the specimens stood tested after 7 and 28 days of ambient curing. The prepared POFA based geopolymer was tested for all types of mechanical properties, like compressive strength, split tensile strength, bending strength and load deflection curve. All these properties are compared with the nominal concrete.

Cement concrete is one of the utmost regularly used building materials next to water. But one tonne of cement produces 1.25 tonnes of CO 2 and pollutes the environment. To keep that in mind, in this study the cement is partially replaced with POFA up to 30% (5% equal intervals), and steel fibers are added to the volume of concrete by 0.5% apart from normal concrete. Generally, POFA is one of the Agro-Industrial garbage materials which is coming as of the palm oil industry, with the growing amount of waste produced from the different processes there has been an increasing the waste generation. Increasing intrust in the use of agro - Industrial waste to achieve the potential advantages. Comparing with cement, POFA contains a high silica content. specimens are cast with M40 grade of concrete. The prepared POFA based Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) was tested for all types of mechanical properties, as compressive strength, split tensile strength, bending strength, and load-deflection curve. All these properties are compared with the nominal concrete.

Reinforced concrete walls are being widely adopted as lateral load resisting systems for high rise structures. The current practice among design engineers for modelling of such walls is by idealizing the same as ‘wide’ columns, which is uncertain from safety as well as economy point of view. The most efficient modelling strategy of RC walls involves use of shell elements. Such an approach can be computationally much intensive, especially from a seismic analysis perspective. The present study utilizes an equivalent strut approach for modelling RC walls. The modelling strategy is demonstrated on a G + 15 storey residential apartment located in Calicut city. The proposed methodology will be compared with the traditional ‘wide’ column method as well as the one with shell element discretization. Comparison of modal properties such as frequencies and vibration modes from the various models are initially made to assess the model accuracy. Various seismic analyses viz. Equivalent static approach, Response spectrum approach and the assessment the storey shear, inter storey drifts as well as computation times using various models were performed using time history analysis. From preliminary results, it is understood that the modelling strategy could serve as an efficient alternative to more robust and computationally demanding scheme involving use of shell elements.

The present work reviews the various mineral admixtures used in concrete which modifies the concrete properties. In this study, cement is partially or completely replaced by different mineral admixtures such as fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin. The strength obtained is different for different mineral admixtures by adding these to concrete. Various concrete characteristics like split tensile, compressive and flexural strength, durability, workability are presented.

Data innovation has made the social improvement encountered another significant change, nearly covering and infiltrating into varying backgrounds. Structural designing plan, with its primary qualities: enormous designing plan; large measure of estimation; Long plan cycle; the power of work is high. With the persistent advancement of data innovation in structural designing plan, different sorts of assistant plan innovations addressed by PCs have step by step appear, which have effectively settled the above troubles and extraordinarily decreased the trouble of structural designing plan. In this way it very well may be seen that the improvement of data innovation has carried limitless advantages to the general public. Consequently, how to additionally apply data innovation to structural designing and carry immense advantages to structural designing has turned into the focal point of ebb and flow research.

oT of Things (IoT) is the part of Information Technology which produces a network interface between\" Internet \" and genuine physical 'Things'. This study gives future situations of Internet of Things innovation and furthermore it improves on the information about the different applications in structural designing undertakings. The center aim of the review is to introduce a sign about different uses of IoT for the improvement of Smart City Infrastructure and Smart dwelling development projects. Development organizations today are holding back nothing advances to accomplish their objectives in least expense conceivable alongside an elevated degree of safety and security. IoT of Things (IoT) is making it conceivable in a significantly more effective manner than considered. This paper means to work on the comprehension of the significance of IoT and its execution in the development business. The paper presents the gathered investigation of the works done by different analysts in which IoT can be utilized in the development business. The discoveries of their work have been talked about in this paper and future extent of work with respect to the utilization of IoT in various fields have been distinguished.