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PurposeStudies have reported negative effects of felt accountability on employees' extra-role behavior. Deviating from that focus, this study proposes that leadership plays a role in shaping the implications of felt accountability for employees' extra-role behavior. We propose that under high transformational leadership, felt accountability can motivate employees to engage in task-relevant information elaboration and facilitate innovative work behavior, a form of extra-role behavior that seeks to improve the work environment.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted a pilot study to validate measurements of felt accountability and task-relevant information elaboration in a sample of 202 employees. We then conducted the main study using a time-lagged, multisource survey design with a sample of 120 supervisor–employee pairs.FindingsThe results from the main study reveal that the association between felt accountability and task-related information elaboration is positive and stronger when transformational leadership is higher. Furthermore, task-relevant information elaboration positively predicts innovative work behavior. Finally, when transformational leadership is higher, the mediation effect of task-relevant information elaboration on the association between felt accountability and innovative work behavior is stronger.Originality/valueOur study indicates that felt accountability can have positive implications for employees' extra-role behavior contingent on leadership styles. In contrast to previous studies that emphasize the negative implications of felt accountability on employees' behavior, our study depicts when and why felt accountability can have positive implications on employees' behavior.

Sarcopenia and muscle weakness in elderly are contributed burden of public health and impact on quality of life. Weak grip strength was key role in diagnosis of sarcopenia and reported increased mortality, function declined in elderly. This study evaluated the association between GS and each common anthropometric characteristic in community-dwelling elderly. From 2017 to 2019, we conducted a community-based health survey among the elderly in Chiayi county, Taiwan. Participants were 65 years old or older, and total of 3,739 elderly subjects (1,600 males and 2,139 females) with a mean age of 76 years (range 65-85 years old) were recruited. General demographic data and lifestyle patterns were measured using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometric characteristics such as body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body waist and hip circumference, and body fat were measured by standard methods. GS was measured using a digital dynamometers (TKK5101) method. The mean GS was 32.8 ± 7.1 kg for males and 21.6 ± 4.8 kg for females (p < 0.001). For both sexes, elderly subjects with the same body weight but smaller body waist circumference had greater GS. The subjects with the same body waist size but heavier weight had greater GS. Furthermore, after adjusting for age, lifestyles, disease status, and potential anthropometric variable, multivariate regression analyses indicated that BMI was positively associated with GS (for males, beta = 0.310 and for females beta = 0.143, both p < 0.001) and body waist was negatively associated with GS (for males, beta = -0.108, p < 0.001; for females, beta = -0.030, p = 0.061). This study suggested that old adults with higher waist circumstance had weaker GS. Waist circumstance was negatively associated with GS, body weight was positively associated with GS in contrast. It may implies that central obesity was more important than overweight for GS in elderly.

Background: The combination of multiple disease statuses, muscle weakness, and sarcopenia among older adults is an important public health concern, and a health burden worldwide. This study evaluates the association between chronic disease statuses, obesity, and grip strength (GS) among older adults in Taiwan. Methods: A community-based survey was conducted every 3 years among older adults over age 65, living in Chiayi County, Taiwan. Demographic data and several diseases statuses, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, were collected using a questionnaire. Anthropometric characteristics were measured using standard methods. Grip strength was measured using a digital dynamometer (TKK5101) method. Results: A total of 3739 older individuals were recruited (1600 males and 2139 females) with the mean age of 72.9 years. The mean GS was 32.8 ± 7.1 kg for males and 21.6 ± 4.8 kg for females. GS significantly decreased most in males with cerebrovascular disease (from 33.0—29.5 kg, p < 0.001) and in females with diabetes mellitus (from 21.8—21.0 kg, p < 0.01). GS was highest in older adults with obesity (body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2); however, there was no significant change of GS as the disease number increased. Conclusion: Older adults who have two, rather than one or greater than three chronic diseases, have significantly lower GSs than those who are healthy. Stroke and CKD for males, and hypertension and diabetes for females, are important chronic diseases that are significantly associated with GS. Furthermore, being overweight may be a protective factor for GS in older adults of both sexes.

PurposeRegulatory focus theory suggests that regulatory fit influences individuals' decisions. However, little is known regarding the effect of regulatory fit on sports consumers' purchase intention. Accordingly, the authors extend the concept of regulatory fit to the sports context to understand how advertising claims affect amateur badminton players' purchase intention of badminton rackets.Design/methodology/approachA total of 200 amateur badminton players participated in this study. These participants were randomly assigned to the promotion-prime advertising claim or prevention-prime advertising claim condition.FindingsAuthors’ findings demonstrate that the experience fit between personal regulatory focus in the sports context and advertising claims induces higher purchase intention. This finding corresponds with expectations based on regulatory focus theory.Originality/valueThe present study extends and strengthens knowledge of personal regulatory focus in the sports context and thus shows marketers how to communicate with target customers to precisely sell sports products using the regulatory fit strategy.

Career-related internships are often promoted as important opportunities for college students to explore their career options and gain valuable experience (Brooks, Cornelius, Greenfield, & Joseph, 1995). Despite a reasonably large body of internships in the sport industry each year, little research has been conducted on college internship programs. The present study used the proactive motivation model (Parker, Bindl, & Strauss, 2010) as the framework for identifying the antecedents of internship performance and their satisfaction. A total of 306 college students majoring in sports were recruited as participants in the current study. The researcher gathered data from paper questionnaires and electronic surveys (e-surveys) with a two time-point design. The results indicated that self-efficacy mediated the relationship between proactive personality and internship performance as well as satisfaction. In terms of the current findings, the theoretical and practical implications of sport internship and proactivity literature are further discussed. ▪The results of our study indicated that self-efficacy could mediate the relationship between proactive personality and internship performance as well as their satisfaction. The results support the proactive motivation model’s expectations and prove that proactive personality could influence individuals’ job performance and satisfaction through self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a \"Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument\" (PPLI) for physical education teachers. Based on literature review and focus group interviews, an 18-item instrument was developed for the initial tests. This self-report measure, using a 5-point Likert scale, formed the PPLI and was administered to 336 physical education teachers in Hong Kong. The sample was randomly split, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a 9-item, 3-factor scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) item loadings ranged from 0.69 to 0.87, and Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.73 to 0.76. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the construct demonstrated good fit to the model. The PPLI thus appeared to be reliable and valid to measure the perceived physical literacy of physical education teachers. It is argued that the instrument can be used for both research and applied purposes and potential uses for the instrument in physical education, medical and health settings are discussed.

Studies have reported negative effects of self-control demands on the service-oriented physical and mental well-being of employees. Based on the stressor-detachment model and conservation of resources theory, the present study examined how and when the interplay between leisure crafting and perceived supervisor recreational sports support can lead self-control demands employees to exhibit proactive vitality management. A total of 212 employees completed surveys at three time points over six months. The results indicated that leisure crafting mediated the relationship between employees’ self-control demands and proactive vitality management. Perceived supervisor recreational sports support was shown to strengthen the relationship between leisure crafting and proactive vitality management. Furthermore, we demonstrated a moderated mediation model in which self-control demands, under employees’ perceived supervisor recreational sports support, did not motivate employees to engage in additional leisure crafting; rather, these demands enhanced employees’ leisure resources, which in turn promoted their proactive vitality management.

For athletes facing high levels of pressure and experiencing significant psychological and physical demands, mere adaptation to the pressure is insufficient. They must also possess psychological resilience, which entails the ability to rebound from stressful conditions or even surpass their previous performance levels. Previous research has indicated that receiving unilateral positive support is one of the factors contributing to psychological resilience. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between athlete gratitude and psychological resilience. Gratitude is considered a relational, reciprocal, and prosocial construct that aligns well with the interdependence inherent in the sports context. This research focuses on both the environmental and individual levels of gratitude, drawing on the multilevel model of gratitude framework. The study investigates how the grateful climate, representing environmental gratitude, influences athletes’ psychological resilience through individual gratitude. A longitudinal survey method was employed, involving a total of 289 high school student-athletes from 49 teams who participated in a five-wave survey conducted over a three-year period. The results indicate a significant influence of the grateful climate on changes in athletes’ psychological resilience. This influence operates through individual gratitude, which acts as a mediating factor in predicting changes in psychological resilience. The findings of this study can provide practical guidance for human resource managers and educators by highlighting the importance of fostering gratitude at both the individual and environmental levels to enhance athletes’ psychological resilience.

Based on the principles of competency-based physical education, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a competency-based orienteering course intervention on students' physical literacy, basic need satisfaction, and leisure-time physical activity. Additionally, the study examined the intervention's impact on students' perception of connectedness to nature. Using a pre-experimental design, students participating in a 16-week orienteering courses were recruited. The competency-based orienteering course intervention was employed and both quantitative and qualitative learning data were collected and analyzed. Quantitative data were gathered through surveys, while qualitative data were obtained from onsite observations and documents, including group reports, notes, and class records. Results from 77 valid samples indicated that students' physical literacy and basic need satisfaction were significantly enhanced after the competency-based orienteering course intervention. However, no significant improvement

本研究依據素養導向的教學典範，探討素養導向定向越野課程對於學生身體素養與心理需求滿足之影響，並檢驗對學生自主運動行為及自然連結感之效果。採用前實驗設計取向，以修習定向越野課程之大專學生為對象，進行16週課程教學介入與學習評估。研究最終獲得77位學生之量化與質化學習資料進行分析，包含問卷、學生報告、教師實地觀察、記錄與反思等。整合量化與質化研究結果發現，課程介入方案對於大專學生身體素養、心理需求滿足，以及自然連結感皆有提升效果，唯自主運動行為在量化與質化資料分析中並無一致性的結果。本研究以素養導向教學策略，發現定向越野課程可促進大專學生身體素養、基本心理需求滿足以及自然連結感。藉由素養導向的定向越野課程設計，可拓展體育在全人教育中的應用價值，值得推薦並實踐在大專體育教學情境中