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Abstract A female patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffered from Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) infection during tocilizumab treatment. Tocilizumab was discontinued and she was treated with a recommended chemotherapy, resulting in improvement of M. avium. Tocilizumab retreatment did not aggravate M. avium infection, and radiographic abnormalities improved over 1 year after cessation of the recommended therapy. Tocilizumab may be one candidate for intractable RA patients with M. avium if any biologic is required.

A female patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffered from Mycobacterium avium ( M. avium ) infection during tocilizumab treatment. Tocilizumab was discontinued and she was treated with a recommended chemotherapy, resulting in improvement of M. avium . Tocilizumab retreatment did not aggravate M. avium infection, and radiographic abnormalities improved over 1 year after cessation of the recommended therapy. Tocilizumab may be one candidate for intractable RA patients with M. avium if any biologic is required.

Three cell lines of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which were established from specimens of untreated primary tumors biopsied by diagnostic bronchofiberscopy, were analyzed for immunological characteristics. These cell lines showed considerable heterogeneity in chemo‐radiosensitivity, which was well correlated with clinical responses of the respective tumors, but their HLA‐class I antigen expressions were equally depressed and they were susceptible to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells, irrespective of their diverse chemo‐radiosensitivity. Treatment of the cell lines with recombinant immune interferon (rIFN‐γ) increased their HLA‐class I antigen expression and conversely depressed PBL sensitivity but not LAK sensitivity. This inverse relationship between HLA‐class I expression and PBL susceptibility was also demonstrated using other pairs of autologous PBL and SCLC cell lines. rIFN‐γ changed neither HLA‐class H antigen nor SCLC‐spccilic antigen expression under the same experimental conditions. In vitro immunization of allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes with rIFN‐γ ‐treated SCLC cells induced allo‐specific killer cells which lysed rIFN‐7‐treated more strongly than non‐treated SCLC cells. These results suggest that reduced HLA‐class I antigen expression of SCLC could protect the cancer from attack of killer T cells in spite of the higher sensitivity to PBL or LAK cells.

A female patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffered from Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) infection during tocilizumab treatment. Tocilizumab was discontinued and she was treated with a recommended chemotherapy, resulting in improvement of M. avium. Tocilizumab retreatment did not aggravate M. avium infection, and radiographic abnormalities improved over 1 year after cessation of the recommended therapy. Tocilizumab may be one candidate for intractable RA patients with M. avium if any biologic is required.

The significance of sFc epsilon RII in IgE-mediated allergic disease was examined. sFc epsilon RII in serum was found to decrease following clinical improvement, suggesting sFc epsilon RII in serum may be an indicator of allergic diseases. Significant proportions of sFc epsilon RII in serum were present as complexes with IgE in normals as well as in atopic patients, and these complexes were more prominent in the former than in the latter group. From these observations, attempts were made to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic reactions in vitro employing recombinant sFc epsilon RII. sFc epsilon RII inhibited IgE-binding as well as IgE-mediated release of chemical mediators from Fc epsilon RI and Fc epsilon RII expressing cells. These results show the functional significance of sFc epsilon RII in the negative regulation of IgE-mediated allergic reactions.